Alkyl

total-cholesterol/HDL-Cholesterol ratio results in an endothelial dysfunction recovery in peripheral artery disease patients. Cholesterol, 2012, 1–6. doi:10.1155/2012/895326 Kumar, D., & Ali, A. (2015). Direct synthesis of fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid alkyl esters from high free fatty acid containing triglycerides as lubricity improvers using heterogeneous catalyst. Fuel, 159, 845–853. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.07.046 Role of cholesterol in development (1996). Science, 274(5285),…

T. Heinze et. al. reported the synthesis of new 6-deoxy-6-pheylethylamino cellulose derivatives with DSamino 0.4-0.6 by nucleophilic displacement of cellulose tosylates (DSTos 0.74 and 1.29) with a racemic mixture of 1-phenylethylamine under homogeneous conditions, in DMF/H2O82, scheme 30. The optical properties of these deoxyamino cellulose derivatives was studied. A regioselective synthesis of 6-amino-6-deoxycellulose, 6-N-sulfonated, and 6-N-carboxymethylated deoxycellulose were…

triphenylmethanol by adding water, and acid is added to dissolve any basic product. Grignard Reagents are also used in the following important reactions: Grignard reagent can be added in excess to an ester or lactone to give a tertiary alcohol in which two alkyl groups are the same, and the addition of a Grignard reagent to a nitrile produces an unsymmetrical ketone via a metalloimine…

synthesized with sodium citrate and heavy water : insights into the reaction mechanism. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 1800–1804 (2010). 8. Jagtap, NR, Shelke, VA, Nimase, MS, Jadhav, SM, Shankarwar, SG, Chondhekar, TK.: Electrochemical synthesis of tetra alkyl ammonium salt stabilized gold nanoparticles. Synth. React. Inorganic, Met. Nano-Metal Chem. 42, 1369–1374 (2012) 9. Shon YS, Cutler E (2004) Aqueous synthesis of alkane thiolatedprotected Ag nanoparticles using Bunte salts. Langmuir…

Chapter1. The development of biodiesel The name biodiesel refers to the fuel that comes from biological sources and is mainly to be applied in diesel engines. The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) defines biodiesel as “a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from nature oils”. As a matter of fact, biodiesel is so called not only because of biologically derivation as waste raw materials are also commonly used in production (Sunggyu Lee 2012). Compared with massive GHG emissions of CO2,…

Synthetic surfactants used in pharmaceuticals and their properties. 2.1 Classification of surface active agents. The widely used synthethic surfactants in pharmaceuticals are classifieds as according on their surface charges. 1.Anionic surfactants:sodium alkyl sulfonates .SDS,SLS. 2.Cationic surfactants:Quaternary ammonium chlorides (quats),pyridinium salts . 3.Zwetterionic (amphoteric) surfactants:phospholipids- Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin). 4.Nonionic surfactants: spans( esters of sorbitol…

4.3. Niosomes: Niosomes were developed and patented by L'Oréal in the 1970s and 80s. The first niosomal formulation was introduced by Lancome in 1987 and have been widely applied in pharmaceutics as a demanding tool to improve the delivery of many drugs34. Niosomes are vesicles formed by self-assembly of hydrated and synthetic non-ionic surfactants e.g sorbitans (Spans) or polysorbates (Tweens). Non-ionic surfactants are inexpensive, non-toxic, and can be found in wide variety. Types of…

One of the most important physical properties of molecules is their chirality, or lack thereof which is known as achirality. Chirality is defined as the ability of a molecule to exist in two no superimposable images called enantiomers. This means that achirality is the opposite, in which molecule is superimposable on its mirror image. When two molecules are related in the fact that they are stereoisomers of each other, but are not mirror images. In nature chiral molecules do not exist in their…

1.10.4. Chemical Industries Lactic acid is used as acidulant in leather tanning industries and in small scale operations like pH adjustments, hardening baths for cellophanes used in food packaging, terminating agent for phenol formaldehyde resins, alkyl resin modifiers, solder flux, lithographic and textile printing developers, adhesive formulations, in electroplating and electro polishing baths, detergent builders etc. Lactic acid esters like ethyl / butyl lactates can be used as green…

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: It has two isomeric forms 1, 2, 3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazol with common molecular formula C2H3N3,and both have 69.06 molecular weight. [2]] 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives simply exist in solid forms. 3, 4, 5-substituted 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives melts on thermolysis when heated at high temperature3160C for half an hour. 1, 2, 4-Triazole derivatives are easily soluble in polar solvents and slightly soluble in non-polar solvents. However the solubility in non-polar solvents…