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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucose + fructose makes what disaccharide?
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Sucrose
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Sucrose, maltose and lactose are what type of sugar?
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disaccharides
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How many grams of carbohydrates per day will prevent ketosis?
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100 grams of carbs per day
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What type of carbohydrate increases triglycerides and suppresses the immune function? (complex or refined?)
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refined
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What sugar increases glycogen in the muscle better than glucose?
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Fructose
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How many grams of fiber are needed every day?
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20-30 grams
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1 teaspoon of bran equals how many grams of fiber?
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7
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Decreasing bowel transit time is a function of _____.
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Fiber
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Maintaining fluid balance, pH and keeping energy levels steady are all functions of ________.
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Proteins
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The WHO says ___% of our total calories should be protein.
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4.5
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What percentage of the calories in human breast milk is protein?
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5-8%
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How many grams of protein should be supplemented in a person's diet?
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20 grams
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What amino acid therapy is used for herpes and tissue repair?
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L-lysine
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What amino acid is used for GI repair and prevents lean body loss?
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Glutamine
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What are 3 sources of Alpha linolenic acid?
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flax seed oil, soybeans & nuts, and green leafy veggies
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What are 3 sources of EPA and DHA?
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cold water fish, algae, egg yolks
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Alpha linolenic acid is also known as what EFA?
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Omega 3
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Evening primrose oil is supplemented for what EFA?
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Gamma linolenic acid
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Oleic acid is also known as what EFA?
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Omega 9
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The entire EFA pathway is dependent on what enzyme?
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Delta 6 desaturase
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The conversion of DGLA to Arachidonic acid requires what enzyme?
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Delta 5 desaturase
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Coconut oil is (saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated) fat?
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saturated
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People's diet should normally contain what percentage of fat?
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30%
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What should you always supplement your intake of EFA's with?
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anti-oxidants
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Studies using unaltered coconut oil showed a _________ in LDL and a/an ________ in HDL.
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decreased LDL, increased HDL
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Ritalin uses the same neuroreceptors as what drug?
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cocaine
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True/False?
Right brain tactile learners need to associate touch with retained knowledge. |
True
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True/False?
Left brain tactile learners need to associate touch with retained knowledge. |
False - Right brain
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Name 3 causes of leaky gut syndrome.
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Alcohol, NSAID's and infection
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If you did a lactose & mannitol test, low lactose w/ high mannitol would be a ______ (normal/leaky) gut.
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Normal
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If you had high laculose and low mannitol levels, you probably have ________ (normal/leaky) gut.
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leaky
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What are the 4 R's?
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Remove, Replace, Repopulate, Repair
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What phase of the 4 R program focuses on irritants (such as caffeine) and pathogenic organisms?
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Remove
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What step in the 4R program involves HCl and digestive enzymes?
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Replace
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What do we repopulate with in the 4R program?
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Acidopholus, bifidus
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What do we use to repair in the 4R program?
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Glutamine, anti-oxidants, cabbage, Cystine
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Describe a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
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acute, IgE mediated, includes most food allergies, anaphylacitc
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What was the #1 culprit in infants with respiratory allergies?
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Milk (eggs second)
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If a person has a sulfite sensitivity, they are likely to be deficient in what?
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Molybdenum
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What are the top 5 guilt foods in order?
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Eggs, pork, onion, fowl, milk
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L-tryptophan may reverse a person's tolerance to _______?
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Opiates
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Coffee binds with what type of receptors?
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Opiate
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Glycosaminoglycans (attract/repel) water.
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repel
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Nociception stimulates what type of CNS pathways?
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motor & sensory
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On an acid ash food diet, urine is alkaline. This indicates _________ mineral reserves.
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inadequate
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On an acid ash food diet, urine is acidic. This indicates _________ mineral reserves.
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adequate
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What enzyme brings lipids from the blood into the adipose cell?
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lipoprotein lipase
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True/false?
Eating a high fat diet, skinny people have lower lipoprotein lipase, fatty peoples have higher lipoprotein lipase. |
true
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Dr. Colgan suggests what type of exercise for weight loss? (reps & intensity)
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Low intensity, high reps
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True/False?
Higher levels of LPL decrease cravings for fat. |
False, increase
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Which phase of liver detox is the oxidative phase? (1 or 2?)
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Phase 1
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What phase of liver detoxification creates free radicals?
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Phase 1
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What is another name for the second phase of liver detoxification?
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the conjugation phase
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Which test can be ran to test phase 1 of liver detox?
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Caffeine clearance test
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Which test can be ran to test phase 2 of the liver detox?
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Aspirin-tylenol test
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In a lab interpretation with a high phase 1 or low phase 2 liver detox, what management is suggested for each phase?
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Normalize phase 1, support phase 2
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True/False?
Glutathione is an anti-oxidant. |
True
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What amino acid is used to help with tissue repair?
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Glutamine
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A deficiency in what 4 minerals inhibit the C450 system?
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Molybdenum, Magnesium, Copper & Zinc
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Phase 1 support of liver detoxification include supplementation of anti-oxidants and what 4 minerals?
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Molybdenum, Magnesium, Copper & Zinc
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What supplements can be given to support Phase 2 of liver detoxification?
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Milk thistle, glycine, glutamine, cysteine, glutathione
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According to the american academy of little kids, cow's milk causes GI blood loss, causing what mineral deficiency?
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Iron
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What common disease is linked to cow's milk protein?
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Diabetes
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How long prior to onset of diabetes did most patients have a high dietary intake of cow's milk protein?
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1 year
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The american academy of little babies (pediatrics) suggests _____ ___ as an alternative to cow's milk products?
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breast milk
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What is osteoporosis?
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Loss of bone (note: NOT loss of mineralization)
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According to one study, Bantuu women had lower protein and calcium diets, and therefore had higher incidence of osteoporosis.
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False - lower incidence because of low calcium
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In fighting osteoporosis, the China study suggests eating ____ total protein and ____ animal protein. (more or less)
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less and less
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What are the 4 mechanisms of excess animal protein?
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1. Acid ash
2. Phosphorus 3. Methionine 4. Arachidonic Acid |
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Osteoporosis is a product of osteo(blast/clast) dominance?
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Clast
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Between progesterone and estrogen, which is more closely linked to osteoporosis in women?
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progesterone
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Adrenals & caffeine are linked to loss of what 2 minerals?
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calcium & magnesium
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PTH is stimulated by what mineral?
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Phosphorus
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PTH is blocked by what hormone?
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Estrogen
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What chemical in cigarette smoke increases bone loss?
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Cadmium
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Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine to the blood?
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Vitamin D
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What assessment is done for bone density?
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DEXA (dual energy x-ray absorptionmetry)
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Jews moving from Yemen to Israel experienced large increases in coronary heart disease due to an increase in dietary __________ oil.
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vegetable oil
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Co-q-10 is found in what organ?
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The heart
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What is the best indicator of impending cerebral infarction?
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Lipoprotein A
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What is a protein marker for inflammation?
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C-reactive protein
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What increases blood coagulation and is increased by inflammation?
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fibrinogen
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What appears to be the most important dietary heart risk factor for women?
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Sugar
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What appears to be the most important dietary heart risk factor for men?
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Animal fat
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What fats decrease LDL, VLDL & HDL's?
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Polyunsaturated fats
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Which enzyme converts linoleum acid to gamma linolenic acid?
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Delta 6 desaturase
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Supplementing with _______ can bypass the block of the Omega 6 pathway
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GLA
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Supplementing with _______ can bypass the block of the Omega 3 pathway?
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EPA
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What is as potent as aspirin at decreasing platelet aggregation?
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ginger
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What vitamin is needed to convert homocystine to cystathione?
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Vitamin B6
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What is needed to convert homocysteine to methionine?
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Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
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Cholesterol metabolism requires which vitamin?
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Vitamin C
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Another name for Co-Q-10 is.....?
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ubiquinone
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What supplement/mineral can be given to encourage healthy heart function?
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Chromium
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What is believed to account for only 10% of breast cancer causality?
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genetics
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What 2 lifestyle choices greatly increase your chances of breast cancer?
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oral contraceptives and 2 alcoholic drinks a day
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Many breast tumors are driven by what hormone?
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Estrogen
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Lung cancer is linked to high consumption of what type of fat?
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Saturated fat
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Women who consumed ____ amounts of transfats and ____ levels of polyunsaturated fats had a higher risk of breast cancer
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higher transfats, lower polyunsaturated fats
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Arachidonic acid does which of the following? MACA
a. increases osteoclasts b. stimulates collagenase production c. inhibits proteoglycan production d. increases vascular permeability e. increases inflammation |
a,b,c,d,e
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Hypothyroid patients have higher incidences of what type of arthritis?
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Osteoarthritis
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True/False?
Osteoarthritis is considered to be a non-inflammatory condition but inflammation is often present. |
True
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True/False?
Osteoarthritis is considered to be an inflammatory condition |
False (although secondary it might appear)
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Insufficiency of what mineral increases the incidence of calcium deposition in soft tissues?
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Magnesium
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Hypoxia results from a deficiency of _____ acid.
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Malic
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What mineral deficiency causes mitochondrial swelling and increased membrane permeability?
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Magnesium
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What problem involves subjective joint swelling without objective joint swelling, as well as sleep disturbances and local tenderness @ muscle/tendon junctions?
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fibromyalgia
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What dietary management is suggested for people with fibromyalgia?
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High fruit & veggie consumption
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What 2 supplements are suggested in treatment of fibromyalgia?
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malic acid & magnesium
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Patients with high incidence of peptic ulcers have almost double the numbers of what type of cells?
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parietal cells
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What has been shown to help peptic ulcers?
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Twizzlers (licorice)
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Another name for Crohn's disease is _______ ________.
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Regional enteritis
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What are 2 other names for celiac disease?
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non-tropical sprue & gluten sensitivity
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What is another name for Irritable bowel syndrome?
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spastic colitis
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A high/low fiber diet is recommended for diverticulosis?
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High fiber
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Increased urinary crystallization results from: increased ________, ________, ________, and ________ and decreased _______, _______, _______, ________.
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increased meat, protein, oxalate, sodium
decreased veggies, fibers, calcium, fluid |
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A low urinary pH is a common denominator in patients with ______ stones.
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Gouty or kidney
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The most common cause of a low urinary pH is increased _______ intake.
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purine
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People with kidney stones typically have higher ________ and ________ intake.
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protein & sodium
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Results show that the use of __________ factors in prevention of recurrent calcium urolithiasis is justifiable.
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Alkalizing
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