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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the first scientist to explain evolution? |
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck |
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What is Lamarckism evolution? |
The changes that an animal makes in its life will pace on to there offspring. |
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Is Lamarckism evolution true? |
No. |
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What is Darwinian theory of evolution? |
Survival of the fits will bread and pass on there treaties to there offspring. |
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Darwinian theory took how long to publish? |
20 years of figuring it out then published because others were going to publish before him. |
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Who prosecuted the first credible explanation of evolution? |
Charles Darwin |
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When did Darwin fist start his research? |
On a 5 year voyage on the beagle were he made extensive collections? |
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When did Darwin publish his book on the origin of species by means of natural selection? |
1859 |
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What is perpetual change? |
Change over a long period of time. |
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What is the main premise underlying Darwinian evolution? |
Perpetual change |
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The world is neither constant nor perpetually cycling but always______ |
Changing |
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Is the fossil record complete? |
No |
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Do all organisms fossils? |
No |
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What is the fossil record |
Remnants of the past life undercovered from the crust of the earth. |
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What do scientists use the earths layers for? |
Dateing fossils |
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Why is the fossil record biase? |
Because the prezivation is selective. |
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Witch skeletons provide more fossils? |
Vertabrets and invertabrets with shells? |
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Do soft body animals leave fossils. |
In exceptional conditions |
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Were do fossils form? |
In stratified layers |
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What is the laws of stratigraphy? |
The oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest layers at the top. |
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What are evolutionary trends? |
Trend are directional changes in features and diversity of organisms. |
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How does the fossil records help prove evolution? |
So scientists can observe evolution. |
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What is common descent? |
That all animals have common orogin. |
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What is decent with modification? |
Evolution |
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What is phylogeny? |
Life’s history in the form of a tree. |
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What does phylogenetic research do? |
Reconstruct the history of life. |
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What is allopathic speciation? |
When the same species are separated geographically but and eventually become separated species. |
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What defines a species? |
They have a common origin and there offspring are fertile |
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When does allopathic speciation occur? |
When climate or geology causes a population to fragment. |
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Does allopatric speciation cause genetic change? |
No |
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The hybrids of the salamanders that meat back at the bottom, how will they survive? |
They will die because they do not blend in or imitation. |
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What is the founder effect? |
When a small Buber of individuals leave an evolve to there knew environment. |
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What is adaptive radiation? |
A large founder effect |
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What is Darwin’s finches? |
Even though Darwin paid no attention to the finches they are named after him because they are the perfect example of his theory. |
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Why do islands have very unique environment? |
They are isolated |
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What is aboriginal? |
Indemic species found no where else |
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Where are cichlids found? |
The Great Lakes of Africa |
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What is sympatiric? |
When animals evolve because different environments in the same geographical place. |
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What is gradualism? |
Small change over time. |
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How long would it take for a huge change in organisms? |
Thousands to million years. |
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Is Punctuated equillibrium supported by the fossil record? |
No |
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What is punctuated equilibrium? |
Changes in brief periods |
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Which is correct gradualism and punctuated equilibrium? |
Both |
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What is natural selection? |
Survival of the fittest |
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What does natural selection provide? |
An explanation for evolution. |
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What is stabilizing selection? |
Not an extreme change in the middle |
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What is directional selection? |
Sifts in one direction |
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What is disruptive selection? |
Goes to the extreme in both directions |
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What is genetic equilibrium. |
No changes in in genes |
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What is the HWE equation? |
It is used to see if population changes. |
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What does not support the HWE equation? |
1. Genetic drift 2. Nonrandom mating 3. Migration 4. Mutation 5. Natural selection |
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In asexual species how do genetic variation happen? |
DNA mutation. |
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What is the driving force of evolution? |
Natural selection |
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Is a mutation good or bad? |
Mutations are neither good or bad or neutral |
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Because of the Mexican lava river what happened to the tan mice? |
They did not blend in so they died. |
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What are the 2 forms of reproduction? |
-sexual -asexual |
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How many parents does asexual reproduction need? |
1 |
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Does asexual reproduces need sex organs? |
No |
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What type of offspring does asexual reproduction make? |
Identical |
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Where is asexual reproduction most common? |
-bacteria -unicellular eukaryotes -invertebrate |
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What does asexual reproduction ensure? |
Rapid reproduction |
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What are types of asexual reproduction? |
-fission -budding -gemmulation -fragmentation |
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What is fission? |
It’s like cell division |
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How many types of fission are there? |
2 |
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What is budding? |
When a small part make a copy and then detached from the host. |
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How does yeast reproduce? |
Budding |
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How does gemmulation work? |
It’s kinda like budding sea anemones do it |
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What is the most common form of reproduction? |
Bisexual |
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What is dioecious? |
One organism has one individual sex. |
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What does the female produce? |
Ovum |
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What do males make? |
Spermatozoa |
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What is hermaphroditism? |
Has both sex |
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What can hermaphroditism do? |
Reproduce 2 times as fast |
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What is sequential hermaphroditism? |
When the sex of an organism can change when needed. |
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What is parthenogenesis? |
Can have offspring but only males. |
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Can parthenogenesis sustain a species? |
No because it can only make males. |
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What is haplodiploidy? |
The queen can deside to fertilize the egg or not. |
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Lineages with less _____ are more likely to go extinction. |
Variations |
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What is oviparous? |
Lays eggs outside the body. |
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Is Oviparous internal or external fertilization? |
It can be ether |
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What is ovoviviparous? |
Keeps eggs in body. |
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Where do baby’s in ovoviviparous get there food? |
Yolk |
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In ovoviviparous where is fertilization? |
Internal |
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What is viviparous? |
Live birth |
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What is the estrous cycles? |
Heat |
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What is the menstrual cycles |
Period |
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How long does it take for a penguin egg hatches? |
64 days |
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What do male penguins have for eggs? |
Brood pouch |
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What type of reproduction do sharks do? |
Any tipe |
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What is embryonic canniblism? |
When sibling eat each other in the mother |
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How does a kangaroo give birth? |
Baby comes out under divlope and climbs up to the pouch. |
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How many sperms can get into 1 egg? |
1 perm |
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What is polyspermy? |
When more than 1 perm get in to the egg. |
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What happens to the egg when the first sperm attaches? And why? |
First changes deface of the egg and then flushed away other sperm. To make sure no other sperm attach to the egg |
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What is cleavage in embryos? |
When cell dividends but does not get bigger |
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What is blastula? |
Holo ball of cells |
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What is the blastula stage? |
One layer of germ cells |
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What does blastula happen in? |
All animals |
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What is the Gastrulastion layer? |
Second layer of germ |
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How’s the Gastrual layer made? |
Invagination in the blastulation layer |
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Some snimals only have one hole how foes this work? |
The food goes in and the poop goes out of the same hole |
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Some animals have a tube as the gastrula system what this called? |
Gastural tube |
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What is it called when the guy only has one hole? |
Blind gut |
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What is the mesoderm? |
Third germ layer |
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What is a diploblastic? |
Animals with 2 germ layers |
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What is a tripoblastsic? |
3 germ layers |
