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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a flagella?
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- A whip-like tail that aids in the movement of organisms.
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What are cilia?
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- Structures that help with the movement of cells.
- Also known as "false feet". |
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What is osmoregulation?
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- The maintenance of proper internal salt and water concentrations in a cell or in the body of a living organisms.
- Active regulation of internal osmotic pressure. |
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What is phagocytosis?
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- The action that happens when a phagocyte (cells and unicells of animals) engulfs a foreign particle.
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What is psuedopodia?
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- Extensions of a protozoan of ameboid cell body that serves for locomotion or for engulfing food.
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What is a subphylum?
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- A taxonomic rank intermediate between phylum and superclass.
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What is binary fission?
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- A mode of asexual reproduction in which the animal splits into two approximately equal offspring.
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What is multiple fission?
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- A mode of asexual reproduction in some protistans in which the nuclei divide more than once before cytokinesis occurs.
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What is cytokinesis?
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- The process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells.
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What does the term autotrphic mean?
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- It is the ability to use simple, inorganic substances to synthesize more complex organic compounds.
- Examples are green plants and bacteria. |
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What does the term heterotrophic mean?
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- Organism that obtains both organic and inorganic raw materials from the environment in order to live.
- Includes most animals and those plants that do no have photosynthesis. |
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What does holozoic mean?
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- It is a term used when talking about obtaining nutrients.
- It means that the organism ingest and digest liquid or solid foods. |
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What is a somatic cell?
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- Cells forming the body of an organism.
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What is a zooid?
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- A one-celled individual
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What is a daughter colony?
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- Smaller colonies of cells within a larger community
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What does holophytic mean?
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- A way of absorbing nutrients in green plants and certain protozoa.
- It involves the synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light, chlorophyll and certain enzymes |
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What is a stigma?
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- Eyespot in certain protozoa.
- Spiracle of certain terrestrial arthropods. |
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What is schizogony?
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- It is another word from multiple fission.
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What is a merozite?
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- It is a very small trophozite at the stage just after cytokinesis has been completed in multiple fission of a protozoan.
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What is a trophozite?
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- It is the adult stage in the life cycle of a protozoan in which it is actively absorbing nourishment.
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What is the "signet-ring stage"?
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- Due to a large food vacuole and the peripherally situated nucleus, young spherical trophozoites (merozoites) of plasmodium species inside of red blood cells look like a signet ring.
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What is a macronucleus?
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- It is a structure that regulates the metabolism of the cell in ciliate protozoans (controls feeding and digestion).
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What is a micronucleus?
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- It is a structure that regulates reproduction of a ciliate protozoan cell and contain's the cells genome.
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What is a homologus trait?
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- It is a chromosome in a biological ceell that pairs during cell division during the creation of gametes.
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What is a analogus trait?
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- It is the correspondence in function between anatomical parts of different structure and origin.
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What does monophyletic mean?
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- aka. clade
- It is a hierarchial system of descent, ancestor, and its descendents together form a community. |
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Why does paraphyletic mean?
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- It means that an organism that is composed of some, but not all, members descending from a common ancestor.
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What does polyphyletic mean?
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- It means that an organism is derived from more than one ancestor.
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What is an asconoid sponge?
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- It is the simplest form of sponge.
- Contains canals leading directly from the outside to the anterior. |
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What is a syconoid sponge?
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- It is a sponge that contains a canal system which causes water to flow through a chamber before reaching the inner part of the sponge.
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What is a leuconoid sponge?
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- A canal system in sponges that contains clusters of flagellated chambers lined with choanocytes.
- Water enter and leaves the chambers by systems of incurrent and excurrent canals. |
