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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylum Mollusca
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2nd most diverse phylum / 100000 species
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Head-foot
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the body region of a mollusc that contains the head and is reponsible for locomotion as well as retracting the visceral mass into the shell
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Radula
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the rasping, tonguelike structure of most molluscs that is used for scraping food. Coposed of minute chitinous teeth that move over a cartilaginous odontophore.
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Visceral mass
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the region of a mollusc's body that contains visceral organs
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Mantle
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the outer fleshy tissue of molluscs that secretes the shell. The mantle of cephalopods may be modified for location
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Mantle Cavity
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The space between the mantle and the visceral mass of molluscs
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Class Gastropoda
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snails, slug, limpets
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torsion
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a 180 degree counterclockwise twisting of the visceral mass, mantle, and mantle cavity
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shell
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they are asymmetrically coided into a more compact form
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gastropoda locomotion
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have flattened foot that is often cilated and helps them creep along
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gastropoda mode of nutrition
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feed by scraping algae or other small, attached organisms from their substrate using their radula / many use herbivores
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gastropod gas exchange
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involves the mantle cavity / primitive gastropods had two gills, modern have one gill because of coiling
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Gastropods have what kind of circulatory system?
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Open / blood leaves the vessels and directly bathes cells in tissue spaces
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How do gastropods sense?
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they use tentacles / retractor muscles can rapidly withdraw the tentacles
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gastropod reproduction
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marine snails are dioecious / gonads in spirals of the visceral mass / most other snails are monoecious
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What is Class Bivalvia?
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clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops
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Do bivalves have a head and radula?
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no
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How many shells do bivalve have?
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2 - clams?
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What is the hinge ligament in bivalves?
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the hinge that attaches the two shells called valves / when muscles relax, the ligament opens
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What is a bivalve umbo?
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the swollen area near the shell's anterior margin / the oldest part of the shell
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What is the adductor muscle?
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the muscles at either end of the dorsal half of the shell that close the shell
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What are bivalves mode of nutrition?
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sedentary, filter-feeding / gills trap food
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What are labial palps of bivalves?
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leaflike areas on either side of the mouth that also sort filtered food particles / ciliated
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How do bivalves do gas exchange?
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they have gills
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What type of circulatory system do bivalves have?
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open
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How do bivalves move?
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they don't
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What is Class Cephalopoda?
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octopuses, squid, cutlefish, and nautiluses
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Shell variation in celphalopods
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only natutilus have shells
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What is a cephalopod siphuncle?
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A cord of tissue that perforates the septa and absorbs fluids by osmosis and replaces them with metabolic gases / regulates buoyancy
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What is a cephalopod pen?
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No shell in all other cephalopod - the shell of a squid that is reduced to an internal, chitinous structure
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How do cephalopods move?
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Use a jet-propulsion system / mantle contains radial and ciruclar muscles / circular muscles contract they decrease the volume of mantle cavity and prevent water from moving out
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Cephalopods have what mode of nutrition?
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locate prey by sight and capture prey with tentacles that have adhesive cups / small hooks in squid / all have jaws and radula
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What type of circulatory system do cephalopods have?
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closed / blood is confined to vessels throughout its circuit around body
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Cephalopod senses?
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unparalleled nervous system than any other invertebrate / brains large / eyes are similar to vertebrates
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What are chromatophores?
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pigment cells in cephalopods / when tiny muscles attached to these pigment cells contract, the chromatophores quickly expand and change the color of the animal
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What are spermatophores?
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structures for encasing sperm in packets / sperm transferred with a tentacle
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What is the inc sac?
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used for protection
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