Zoology Exam 3 - Chapter 9

Front 1

Phylum Porifera

Back 1

the sponges, marine animals consisting of loosely organized cells

Front 2

Radial symmetry

Back 2

infinite division, "asymmetrical"

Front 3

Sessile

Back 3

non-moving

Front 4

Pinacocytes

Back 4

thin, flat cells that line the outer surface of a sponge, may be mildly contractive / contraction may change the shape of some sponges

Front 5

Choanocytes

Back 5

"funnel + cell" / below the mesohyl/mesoglea layer / flagellated cells that have a collarlike ring of microvilli surrounding a flagellum / creates water currents through the sponge with flagellum

Front 6

Mesoglea/Mesohyl

Back 6

"middle matter" / just below the pinacocyte layer / jellylike layer

Front 7

Ostia

Back 7

little openings in the side of the tube of sponge / water comes through this area / the outer openings of porocytes and lead directly to a chamber called the spongocoel

Front 8

Osculum

Back 8

the big hole on the top of a sponge where water is pushed out

Front 9

spongocoel

Back 9

the middle chamber of a sponge that ostia lead to /

Front 10

ascon sponge body form

Back 10

the simplest and least common sponge body form / vaselike body form / tear drop shape

Front 11

sycon sponge body form

Back 11

sponge body form where the sponge wall appears folded / looks like it has folded layers / wrinkly

Front 12

leucon sponge body form

Back 12

sponge body form where the sponge has an extensively branched canal system / water moves through ostia and through canals and then to choanocyte-lined chambers / NO SPONGOCOEL / MULTIPLE OSCULUM

Front 13

spicules

Back 13

microscopic needlelike spikes that make up a sponge skelton and support sponge / formed by amoeboid cells / made up of calcium carbonate or silca

Front 14

spongin

Back 14

an alternative sponge skeleton / made of fibrous protein made of collagen /commercial sponges are these

Front 15

monoecious

Back 15

Most sponges are what type of reproductive system?

Front 16

monoecious

Back 16

both sexes occur in the same individual

Front 17

sponge reproduction

Back 17

sponges do not usually self-fertilize because individual sponges produce eggs and sperm at different times

Front 18

sponge reproduction

Back 18

Sperm and eggs are released from sponge oscula

Front 19

sponge reproduction

Back 19

sperm cells exit one sponge through the osculum and enter another songe with the incurrent water

Front 20

cross fertilization

Back 20

sponges fertilize by releasing sperm and eggs and the mix in water

Front 21

asexual budding

Back 21

some sponges bud

Front 22

dioecious

Back 22

means that an individual is only male or female

Front 23

Phylum Cnidaria

Back 23

hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals / they are radially symmetric or biradial symmetric

Front 24

biradial symmetry

Back 24

modification of radial symmetry in which a single plane, passing through a central axis, divides the animal into mirror images

Front 25

radially symmetrical animals

Back 25

have no anterior or posterior ends / terms of direction on based on the position of the mouth opening

Front 26

polyp cndarian body form

Back 26

mouth is directed up / don't move much / they can slide / usually asexual and sessile / mouth covered with food-gathering tentacles

Front 27

medusa cndarian body form

Back 27

mouth, tenacles directed downward / shaped like an inverted bowl / tentacles dangle / DIOECIOUS / free swimming / mesoglea is more abundant in medusa than in polyp giving jellylike consistency

Front 28

epidermis

Back 28

the outer layer of the body wall

Front 29

gastrodermis

Back 29

the inner layer of the body wall

Front 30

mesoglea

Back 30

jellylike middle layer between epidermis and gastrodermis /

Front 31

GVC (gastrovascular cavity)

Back 31

cavity that lines the gastrodermis of all cnidarians / functions in digestion, exchange of respiratory gases and metabolic wastes, and discharge of gametes / things enter through mouth to GVC

Front 32

cnidocytes

Back 32

epidermal and gastrodermal cells in cnidarians that produce structures called cnidae which are used for attachment, defense, and feeding

Front 33

cnida

Back 33

fluid-filled, intracellular capsule enclosing a coiled, hollow tube / some are nematocysts which on jellyfish tentacles for stinging

Front 34

cnidarian reproduction

Back 34

asexual by budding / mostly sexual - dioecious / sperm and eggs may be released into GVC or to the outside of body

Front 35

planula

Back 35

embryo of cnidarian elongates to form these ciliated, free-swimming larva / they attach to a sustrate and a young polyp develops

Front 36

hydra

Back 36

class of small, relatively common cnidarians / vast majority are marine / "jellyfish"