Zoo. Lec. Chapter 11

Front 1

Mutualism

Back 1

Ecological relationship where in both partners benefit from the interaction

Front 2

Commensalism

Back 2

Ecological relationship where in one partner benefits but there is no effect on the other

Front 3

Parasitism

Back 3

Ecological relationship where in one partner benefits at the expense of the other

Front 4

Autotrophic

Back 4

This types of organisms can synthesize their own organic constituents from inorganic substances

Front 5

Heterotrophic

Back 5

These types of organisms must obtain organic molecules synthesized by other organisms in order to survive

Front 6

Phagocytosis

Back 6

"Cell eating"

Infolding or invagination of the plasma membrane to surround a visible food particle

Front 7

Pinocytosis

Back 7

"Cell drinking"

Front 8

Holozoic feeders

Back 8

A.k.a. phagotrophs

Heterotrophs that feed on visible particles

Front 9

Saprozoic feeders

Back 9

A k a osmotrops

Organisms that ingest soluble food

Front 10

Phototrophs

Back 10

Autotrophic organisms that use light energy to synthesize their organic molecules, but often practice phagotrophy and osmo trophy as well

Front 11

Flagella

Back 11

A single whip-like structure in unicellular organisms used for locomotion

Front 12

Cilia

Back 12

Short whip-like structures that covers the whole organism that is used for locomotion

Front 13

Pseudopods

Back 13

Used for locomotion in amoebas

Front 14

Lobopodia

Filipodia

Rhizopodia

Reticulopodia

Axopodia

Back 14

5 types of pseudopod shapes in Amebas

Front 15

Lobopodia

Back 15

-Blunt tipped ameba pseudopods

-Containing both endoplasm and ectoplasm

Front 16

Filopodia

Back 16

-Thin sharply pointed pseudopods in amebas

- containing only ectoplasm

Front 17

Reticulopodia

Back 17

-Pseudopods that are branched filaments that merge to form a net like structure

Front 18

Rhizopodia

Back 18

Pseudopods that are branched filaments

Front 19

Axopodia

Back 19

Pseudopods that are thin, pointed and contains an axoneme

Front 20

Axoneme

Back 20

Central longitudinal (axial) filament of microtubules in Axopodia (ciliates and flagellates)

Front 21

Testate

Back 21

Amebas that make shells

Front 22

Naked amebas

Back 22

Amebas without shells are called ____ ___

Front 23

False

Back 23

True or false:

Unicellular eukaryotes have germ layers

Front 24

True

Back 24

True or false:

Some unicellular eukaryotes are provided with simple endoskeleton or exoskeleton, but most are naked

Front 25

False

Syngamy and conjugation are actually examples for sexual reproduction

Back 25

True or false:

Conjugation and syngamy are examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

Front 26

Kinetosome

Back 26

AKA basal body

-9 triplets of microtubules in ciliates and flagellates

- identical in structure to centrioles

Front 27

Sliding-microtubule hypothesis

Back 27

The current explanation used for ciliary and flagellar movement

Front 28

Radial spokes

Back 28

multi-unit protein structure found in the axonemes of eukaryotic cilia and flagella

Front 29

Dynein arm

Back 29

molecular complex that drives the beating motion of cilia/flagella

Front 30

A= Radial Spoke

B= Dynien Arm

Back 30

What is A in the diagram? What is B?

Front 31

Pseudopodia

Back 31

Extensions of the cell cytoplasm used in locomotion and feeding

Front 32

Ectoplasm

Back 32

Appears more transparent (hyaline) by light microscopy, and it bears the bases of the cilia and the flagella

-Rigid, peripheral area of cytoplasm

Front 33

Endoplasm

Back 33

Appears more granular and contains the nucleus and the cytoplasmic organelles

-Fluid (sol state), central area of cytoplasm

Front 34

Hyaline cap

Back 34

An extension of the ectoplasm when lopodium begins to form

Front 35

Nucleus

Back 35

-Membrane-bound structure whose interior communicates with the cytoplasm by small pores

- DNA is found here

Front 36

Nucleoli

Back 36

a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell present during interphase, especially in the active transcription of ribosomal RNA

Front 37

Macronucleus

Micronucleus

Back 37

Two kinds of nuclei that ciliates have

Front 38

Micronucleus

Back 38

Germ line nucleus in ciliates

Front 39

Macronucleus

Back 39

Somatic nucleus in ciliates

Front 40

Mitochondria

Back 40

An organelle used in recovering energy from carbon bonds of fuel molecules where oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor

Front 41

Hydrogenosomes

Back 41

In cells without mitochondria, _____ may be present

Front 42

Hydrogenosomes

Back 42

Organelles that perform a respiratory function in absence of oxygen and are assumed to have evolved from mitochondria

Front 43

Kinetoplasts

Back 43

______ also assumed to be mitochondrial derivatives

Front 44

Golgi complex

Back 44

Part of the endomembrane system that participates in cellular secretory processes and intracellular digestion of ingested food vacuoles