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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mineral |
A naturally occurring inorganic solid material that has definite chemical composition. |
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Crystal |
A solid material that has a definite chemical composition and in which the atoms are arranged in a regular pattern, with a repeating unit cell. |
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Lustre |
Whether a mineral looks shiny or dull |
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Cleavage |
The way a mineral splits into pieces with flat surfaces |
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Streak |
The colour of a powdered mineral when rubbed across a rough white porcelain plate. |
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Weathering |
The breakdown of the Earth's crust |
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Physical weathering |
Breaking down rock into smaller and smaller pieces with no change in chemical composition |
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Chemical weathering |
Chemically altering the composition of minerals in a rock, e.g. by oxidation, action of acids, or hydration. |
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Erosion |
The movement of broken down and dissolved rock material from one place on the Earth's surface to another. |
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Physical weathering can be due to |
-Temperature variation (heating/cooling cycles) -Plant action -Frost wedging (freeze/thaw cycles) |
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Chemical weathering can be due to |
-Oxidation -Acids -Hydration |
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Leaching |
Carrying away of soluble matter in water |
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The main agents of erosion are |
-Moving liquid water (rivers, rain or sea) -Glaciers -Wind -Gravity |
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Sedimentary rocks |
Rocks that are formed due to great pressure over millions of years |
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Environment |
The surroundings in which a living thing exists |
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Alloy |
A substance composed of two or more metals (or sometimes, a metal and non-metal) that have been closely mixed together |
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Reservoir |
A place where gases or liquids can collect for later use |
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Porous |
Having pores; able to let liquids and gases easily pass through |
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Volatile |
Easily evaporates or boils off |
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Pharmaceutical |
Having to do with drugs and other medicines |
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Natural resources |
Resources derived directly from the natural environment, e.g. food, wood, cotton, wool |
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Man-made resources |
Resources that are created as alternatives to natural resources |
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Renewable resources |
Resources which can be produced within a short period of time and replaced easily |
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Non-renewable resources |
Resources which either cannot be replaced or would take too long to do so, e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, many minerals |
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The main sources of copper are these ores: |
-chalcopyrite -chalcocite -bornite -malachite |
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The main source of aluminium is this ore: |
Bauxite |
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Non-metal resources obtained from the ground include: |
-stone for building -sand, crushed rock and gravel -clay -cement -fertilisers |
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Fossil fuel |
A fuel that was formed from the remains of living organisms millions of years ago |
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Petroleum |
A fossil fuel made from dead marine organisms from millions of years ago, composed mostly of hydrocarbons. |
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Hydrocarbons |
Molecules made up of long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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Petrochemicals |
Chemicals that come from petroleum and natural gas |
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Natural gas |
A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons found in reservoirs of porous rocks such as sandstone |
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Coal |
A hard black or brown substance created from fossilised remains of plants that grew in tropical and sub-tropical regions about 250 million years ago. |
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Coke |
What remains when quality coal is heated in special furnaces to burn off the volatile components. |
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Coal tar |
A thick black liquid produced from coal and used in various industries. |
