Bju Space And Earth Science Chapters 1,2

Front 1

What is science?

Back 1

The total collection of knowledge gained through man's observations of the physical world.

Front 2

What is faith?

Back 2

Confident belief in the authority or reliability of something.

Front 3

What is scientism?

Back 3

Belief that scientific inquiry is the only path to truth.

Front 4

Name four scientific problems with the big bang theory?

Back 4

1. How matter came into existence in the first place.
2. The squeeze could not have compressed all the matter to anywhere near the density necessary.
3. Matter of that density could not expand from the crush of its own gravity.
4. The matter fragments would have kept going, not organized.

Front 5

What is creational goodness?

Back 5

God created man and creation in a perfect state.

Front 6

What are two serious problems with the gap theory?

Back 6

1. No indication that "became" is a better translation for "was".
2. Large expanse of time containing death before sin.

Front 7

What is uniformitarianism?

Back 7

The belief that natural laws and processes today are the same as they have always been.

Front 8

What is "pretended neutrality" fallacy?

Back 8

People who claim to have no presuppositions.

Front 9

What is a presupposition?

Back 9

Something that is believed to be true by someone without proof.

Front 10

What is Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning?

Back 10

Deductive works from a general truth to a more specific truth. Inductive works from a specific truth to a more general truth.

Front 11

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 11

The combined total of matter and energy in the universe is constant. Also called Law of Conservation

Front 12

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 12

Natural processes tend toward a state of less order called entropy.

Front 13

Common aspects of all scientific methodologies.

Back 13

Observations, Scientific Questions, Hypothesis, Models, Testing, Evaluating, Reporting results.

Front 14

Nine limitations of science.

Back 14

Deals only with observables, cannot prove universal negatives, cannot make value judgements, cannot make moral judgments, cannot provide ultimate truths, is fallible, models are not reality, is limited by God, is subject to biases.

Front 15

What 7 heavenly bodies were ancient astronomers able to observe?

Back 15

Sun, moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Front 16

What is Geocentric Theory?

Back 16

States that Earth is the center of the universe and all celestial objects move around it.

Front 17

Who in second century AD is noted for improving the Geocentric Theory?

Back 17

Ptolemy. Called also Ptolemaic Theory

Front 18

What is retrograde motion?

Back 18

When planets appear to slow down, stop and back up before moving ahead again.

Front 19

Name two major problems with the Geocentric Theory.

Back 19

Inaccuracy and Complexity

Front 20

What is Heliocentric Theory?

Back 20

All planets circle the sun and the moon circles the earth. Also known as Copernican Theory.

Front 21

Who was Tycho Brahe?

Back 21

One of the most accurate astronomical observers in history.

Front 22

Who developed three laws of planetary motion?

Back 22

Johannes Kepler

Front 23

What did Galileo first observe with his new telescope?

Back 23

Venus has phases like the moon. Saturn has rings. Jupiter has moons that orbit around it.

Front 24

Law of Universal Gravitation

Back 24

Newton - Any two bodies attract each other according to their mass. It holds planets in orbits.

Front 25

What is inertia?

Back 25

Tendency for matter to continue moving in the same direction.

Front 26

What aspect of Earth's shape is evidence of rotation?

Back 26

Bulge around the Equator.

Front 27

What is Coriolis effect?

Back 27

Tendency of objects moving in straight path to curve due to the earth's rotation.

Front 28

The plane containing the orbit of the Earth is called?

Back 28

Ecliptic

Front 29

When is earth closest to the sun?

Back 29

Winter in Northern Hemisphere

Front 30

Three reasons summer is warmer.

Back 30

More daylight hours, higher angle of sun's rays are more concentrated, higher angle of sun rays lose less energy through the atmosphere.

Front 31

How much is earth tilted?

Back 31

23 1/2 degrees

Front 32

What is solstice?

Back 32

When sun appears to stop moving north or south and reverses direction.

Front 33

What is equinox?

Back 33

When sun is directly over the equator. Vernal - spring, Autumnal - fall.

Front 34

What is stellar Parallax?

Back 34

Apparent shift of nearby stars among farther away stars as the earth's position around the sun changes.