Y2B2 Omm- Cranial Anatomy 1

Front 1

what are the 8 bones of the calvarium?

Back 1

sphenoid, occiput, temporals (2), parietals (2), ethmoid, frontal

Front 2

what are the 14 bones of the facial skeleton?

Back 2

zygomas (2), palatines (2), maxillae, vomer, lacrimals (2), nasals (2), inferior conchae, and mandible.

Front 3

embryologically, what does the neurocranium form?

Back 3

protective case for the brain

Front 4

embryologically, what does the viscerocranium form?

Back 4

skeleton of face

Front 5

what are the two types of ossification of the skull?

Back 5

endochondral (cartilaginous) and membranous

Front 6

what force forms the cartilaginous neurocranium?

Back 6

compressive forces

Front 7

what are the regions of the cartilaginous neurocranium?

Back 7

petromastoid portion of temporal bone, body of occiput, body of sphenoid, ethmoid

Front 8

what does membranous neurocranium form from?

Back 8

direct ossification of mesenchyme

Front 9

what does the membranous neurocranium accommodate for?

Back 9

articular mobility of the base

Front 10

what separates the bones of the membranous neurocranium?

Back 10

dense connective tissue that forms fibrous sutures

Front 11

what are the regions of the membranous neurocranium?

Back 11

frontals, parietals, squamous portions of occiput and temporal bones, greater wings and pterygoid of sphenoid

Front 12

where is the cartilaginous viscerocranium derived from?

Back 12

pharyngeal arches (1st two pairs)

Front 13

what does the 1st pharyngeal arch cartilage form?

Back 13

Malleus and incus

Front 14

what does the 2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage form?

Back 14

stapes and styloid process of temporal bone

Front 15

what does the maxillary prominent of the 1st pharyngeal arch form?

Back 15

squamous portion of temporal bone, maxillae, zygomatics, nasal bones, and mandible

Front 16

what are the four parts of the occipt found at birth? what type of ossification is present, what is the exception?

Back 16

basilar, condylar, supraocciput, interparietal

mostly (except interparietal part) endochondral ossification

Front 17

what are the dural attachments of the occiputs?

Back 17

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tentorium cerebelli

Front 18

what are the different parts of the basilar bone?

Back 18

pharyngeal tubercle, SBS, and condyles (1/4)

Front 19

what are the different parts of the lateral bone?

Back 19

condyles (3/4), hypoglossal canal, groove for lateral sinus, and SBS

Front 20

what are the different parts of the Squama?

Back 20

supraocciput (opisthion), interparietal, inion, superior and inferior nuchal lines, sagittal ridge of falx cerebri and cerebelli, and horizontal ridge for tentorium cerebelli and grooves for transverse sinus

Front 21

what are the articulations of the occiput?

Back 21

parietals, temporals, sphenoid and atlas

Front 22

what is in or runs through the foramen magnum?

Back 22

medulla, ascending spinal accessory nerves and vertebral arteries

Front 23

what runs through the hypoglossal canal?

Back 23

hypoglossal nerve

Front 24

what is in or runs through the jugular foramen?

Back 24

inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve and sigmoid sinus

Front 25

in prenatal, what are the two parts of the sphenoid?

Back 25

presphenoid and postsphenoid

Front 26

what are the 3 parts of the natal sphenoid?

Back 26

body and lesser wings, greater wing- pterygoid unit

Front 27

what type of ossification is the sphenoid? what are the exceptions?

Back 27

endochondral except pterygoid plates and anteriolateral parts of greater wings

Front 28

what are the parts of the sphenoid?

Back 28

body, greater wing, lesser wing, anterior body, and pterygid processes

Front 29

what fossaes are formed by sphenoid articulations?

Back 29

anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae

Front 30

what are the articulations of the sphenoid?

Back 30

all bones of the cranium (occiput at SBS, temporals, parietals, frontals) and 6 bones of face (ethmoid, palatines, vomer and zygomae)

Front 31

what runs through the optic foramen?

Back 31

optic nerve, opthalmic artery

Front 32

what runs through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 32

lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic vein, and ophthalmic nerve

Front 33

what runs through the foramen rotundum?

Back 33

maxillary nerve

Front 34

what runs through the foramen ovale?

Back 34

mandibular nerve

Front 35

what runs through the optic foramen?

Back 35

optic nerve, opthalmic artery

Front 36

what runs through the foramen spinosum?

Back 36

middle meningeal artery

Front 37

what runs through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 37

lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, nasociliary nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic vein, and ophthalmic nerve

Front 38

what runs through the foramen rotundum?

Back 38

maxillary nerve

Front 39

what are the five sphenoid foramina?

Back 39

optic foramen, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

Front 40

what type of ossification is the ethmoid bone? At what age does ossification occur?

Back 40

endochondral; age 5 or 6

Front 41

what runs through the foramen ovale?

Back 41

mandibular nerve

Front 42

when does the perpendicular plate join with the lateral masses of the ethmoid?

Back 42

at the beginning of the 2nd year of life

Front 43

what runs through the foramen spinosum?

Back 43

middle meningeal artery

Front 44

what foramina is in the ethmoid? what runs through it?

Back 44

cribiform plate- olfacory nerve

Front 45

what does the ethmoid articulate with?

Back 45

frontals, sphenoid, vomer, septal cartialge, palatines, nasal maxillae, inferior chonchae, lacrimal

Front 46

what are the five sphenoid foramina?

Back 46

optic foramen, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

Front 47

what type of ossification is the ethmoid bone? At what age does ossification occur?

Back 47

endochondral; age 5 or 6

Front 48

when does the perpendicular plate join with the lateral masses of the ethmoid?

Back 48

at the beginning of the 2nd year of life

Front 49

what foramina is in the ethmoid? what runs through it?

Back 49

cribiform plate- olfacory nerve

Front 50

what does the ethmoid articulate with?

Back 50

frontals, sphenoid, vomer, septal cartialge, palatines, nasal maxillae, inferior chonchae, lacrimal

Front 51

what are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

Back 51

horizontal (crista galli), perpendicular plate, lateral masses (orbital plate and superior and middle conchae)

Front 52

when are the 2 lamellae of the vomer united?

Back 52

after puberty

Front 53

what type of ossification is the vomer?

Back 53

membranous

Front 54

what does the vomer articulate with?

Back 54

sphenoid, ethmoid, septal cartilage, palatines, maxillae

Front 55

what type of ossification are the temporal bones?

Back 55

membranous- squamo-zygomatic portion and tympanic plate

endochondral ossification: petromastoid portion and styloid process

Front 56

what dural attachment does the temporal bone have?

Back 56

tentorium cerebelli along the petrous ridge

Front 57

what are the parts of the temporal bones?

Back 57

squamous, mastoid, and petrous

Front 58

when does the mastoid develop?

Back 58

end of 1st year

Front 59

where is the exit of eustachian tube?

Back 59

petrous portion of temporal bones

Front 60

what are the foramina of the temporal bone? what runs through them

Back 60

carotid canal- internal carotid artery and sympathetic plexus

jugular foramen- CN 9-11; sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, and posterior meningeal artery

Front 61

T/F

You can do muscle energy on the ethmoid?

Back 61

FALSE

there are no muscular attachments to the bone, so muscle energy cannot be done

Front 62

what does the temporal bone articulate with?

Back 62

occiput, parietals, sphenoid, zygomae, mandible

Front 63

what type of ossification is the parietal bone?

Back 63

membranous

Front 64

what do the parietal bones articulate with?

Back 64

occipital, frontal, sphenoid, opposite parietal, and temporal

Front 65

what type of ossification is the frontal bone?

Back 65

membranous ossification

Front 66

when does the fusion of the frontal bone begin? when does it end? what is the suture that fuses it?

Back 66

begins: at 2yoa
ends: 8-12 yoa

suture: metopic suture

Front 67

what are the parts of the frontal bone?

Back 67

glabella, ethmoid notch, orbital plate, lateral angle, nasal spine, zygomatic process

Front 68

what does the frontal articulations?

Back 68

sphenoid, ethmoid, parietals, nasals, maxillae, zygomae, lacrimal

Front 69

what does the sacral articulate and attach with?

Back 69

superiorly with L5, inferiorly w/coccyx, laterally w/ innominates on the ear-shaped sacroiliac articulations, and dural attachment at S2

Front 70

how do you tx a 4 year old child who injuries their sacrum?

Back 70

not the same way as an adult because the bony vertebral arch fuses w/ adjacent costal part between 2-5 yoa.