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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Alliance System |
"In 1914 Europe divided into two large groups. Although these groups sought to preserve the existing balance of power, any dispute involving any two of the countries, threatened to drag in all the others." |
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Armenian Genocide |
"A group of Christians that lived in the Ottoman Empire for centuries. The Ottoman government began to disarm these citizens, fearing they might be sympathetic to Christian Russians. Political leaders, educators, writers, and clergy were jailed and then hanged or shot. Men, women, and children were sent on death marches into the Syrian Desert." |
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Balkans |
" The spread of nationalism led to the creation of new independent nations where the Ottomans had once ruled. Some of these countries were unstable. In 1912 and 1913 there were a series of local wars that threatened to involve the larger powers."
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Black Hand |
"A Serbian nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. This was in protest of Austria’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This was a secret organization made up of mostly Serbian Army officers. The professed goal of the group was the creation of a Greater Serbia, by use of violence, if necessary. The Black Hand trained guerrillas and saboteurs and arranged political murders." |
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Covenant of the League of Nations |
"The purpose of this is to promote disarmament and prevent war. This had nonmilitary force of its own, so it depended on the help of its members. This consisted of a Council, representing the Great Powers, and an Assembly in there all members were represented." |
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Fourteen Points |
" Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations after World War I. President Woodrow Wilson announced this to Congress in early 1918. This included public negotiations between nations, freedom of navigation, free trade, self-determination for several nations involved in the war, and the establishment of an association of nations to keep the peace."
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Franz Ferdinand |
"Austrian Archduke killed on June 28, 1914. This assassination led to the beginning of World War I. He attempted to restore Austro-Russian relations while maintaining an alliance with Germany. He proposed changing the Austro-Hungarian rule with a triple monarchy of Slavs, Germans and Magyars, each having an equal voice in government. However, this idea was unpopular with the ruling elite." |
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League of Nations |
"An international organization to promote world peace and cooperation that was created by the Treaty of Versailles (1919): dissolved April 1946. This was created by the US, however the US was not involved further in this."
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Militarism |
"A policy of maintaining a strong organization in aggressive preparedness for war. This occurs when the values ad goals of an organization takes over civilian society."
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Nationalism |
"The belief that each ethnic group should have its own nation. It is also the belief among citizens of existing states that they should promote their nation’s interests. This is also a policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one's own nation viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations." |
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Trench Warfare |
"This was a new and strange technique used by both sides. Both sides dug ditches to create fortified positions. The ditches were separated by fields of barbed wire and mines known as no-mans land. Soldiers spend years here, since neither side could advance fighting lines became stationary."
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Treaty of Versailles |
"This was imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1919 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans. This concluded peace with Germany. The final peace terms turned out to be extremely harsh for Germany." |
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Triple Alliance |
"A secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, as Italy formed in May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Italy would later join." |
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Triple Entente |
"The understanding between Britain, France, and Russia that developed between 1894 and 1907. This became a formal on the outbreak of World War I and was ended by the Russian Revolution in 1917." |
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Woodrow Wilson |
"A scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. He led his country into World War I and became the creator and leading advocate of the League of Nations, for which he was awarded the 1919 Nobel Prize for Peace." |
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Autocrats |
"Absolute rulers." |
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Bolsheviks |
"Lenin’s supporters; promised “Peace, Bread, and Land”: peace to the soldiers, bread to the workers, and land to the peasants. They seized power by force in a second revolution in November of 1917. They eventually changed their name of their political party to the Communists." |
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Crimean War |
"A series of wars between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (which was supported by England and France); Russia lost the war." |
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Duma |
"Elected legislature that was created by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia; only the very wealthy could vote for members to the new assembly." |
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Emancipated |
"Liberated; to free someone from your control." |
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New Economic Policy |
"Introduced by Lenin in which some private ownership was permitted in small-scale manufacturing and agriculture. The government controlled major industries and this program slowly increased production." |
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Pogroms |
"Attacks and persecutions initiated by Russian government against the Jewish people living in the Russian Empire." |
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“Reds” |
"Those who supported Lenin’s program during the Russian Civil War." |
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Russian Revolution of 1917 |
"An important consequence of World War I; worker-led food riots broke out in cities all across Russia. Tsar Nicholas II gave up his throne and Russia was declared a republic by the Duma; the government that took his place did not win support of the people because they were still involved in World War I. In November, Lenin and his supporters seized power by force and eventually changed the name of Russia to the U.S.S.R." |
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Russification |
"Forcing non-Russian people such as the Finns, Poles, and the peoples of Central Asia to adopt the Russian language and culture." |
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Tsar Alexander II |
"Known as the “Tsar Liberator” also intended to introduce a new elected assembly and other reforms. He was assassinated by Russian revolutionaries shortly afterwards. His assassination put an abrupt end to all attempts at reform." |
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Tsar Nicholas II |
"Russian leader who granted limited reforms, created an elected legislature, the Duma." |
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
"Name of Russia after the Russian Revolution and the takeover by the Bolsheviks or Communists. Became the world’s first Communist country."
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Vladimir Lenin |
"Follower of Karl Marx, lived in exile in Switzerland. He was sent back to Russia by Germany in hopes that he would cause unrest in Russia which would help Germany end World War I on the eastern front." |
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“Whites” |
"Those who opposed Lenin’s program and wanted to return to the rule of the Tsar during the Russian civil war." |
