Wh 10 Wwi - Wwii

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CENTRAL POWERS

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Consisted of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1914-1918

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APPEASEMENT

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Policy of European democracies in the 1930s that aimed to avoid war with the dictatorships of Germany and Italy. It has been described as "...the policy of settling international quarrels by admitting and satisfying grievances through rational negotiation and compromise, thereby avoiding the resort to an armed conflict which would be expensive, bloody, and possibly dangerous."

Front 3

ARMISTICE

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A situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace.

Front 4

ASSIMILATION

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The process whereby a minority group gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture and customs.

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ATROCITIES

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An appalling act, situation, or object, especially an act of unusual or illegal cruelty inflicted by an armed force on civilians or prisoners.

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AXIS POWERS

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Comprised the countries that were opposed to the Allies during World War II. The three major powersGermany, Japan, and Italywere part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940

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BELLIGERENTS

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An individual, group, country or other entity which acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat.

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BLITZKRIEG

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A word describing all-mechanized force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery and air power, concentrating overwhelming force and rapid speed to break through enemy lines, and once the latter is broken, proceeding without regard to its flank.

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BOLSHEVIKS

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means "majority". Were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. Led by Lenin.

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COMMUNISM

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A social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.

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CONTRABAND

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Denotes any item which, relating to its nature, is illegal to be possessed, sold. During WWI, passenger ships would be used to smuggle goods.

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FASCISM

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A radical and authoritarian nationalist political ideology. They seek to organize a nation on corporatist perspectives, values, and systems such as the political system and the economy.

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FINAL SOLUTION

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Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during World War II, resulting in the final and most deadly phase of the Holocaust.

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IMPERIALISM

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The creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.

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ISOLATIONISM

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a foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of economic nationalism (protectionism)

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MARXISM

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Belief that the state throughout history has been a device for the exploitation of the masses by a dominant class, that class struggle has been the main agency of historical change, and that the capitalist system, containing from the first the seeds of its own decay, will inevitably, after the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat, be superseded by a socialist order and a classless society.

Front 17

MENSHEVIKS

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A faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party. Martov's supporters were in the minority in a crucial vote on the question of party membership.

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MILITARISM

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The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

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MOBILIZATIONAct

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of assembling and making both troops and supplies ready for war.

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NATIONALISM

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Belief that people who share a common language, common values and beliefs should have their own nation-state or self-rule.

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NAZISM

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A unique variety of fascism that involved biological racism and anti-Semitism. It presented itself as politically syncretic, incorporating policies, tactics and philosophies from right- and left-wing ideologies

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PANDEMIC

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An epidemic of infectious disease that is spreading through human populations across a large region

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PROPAGANDA

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A form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position.

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SOCIALISM

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A theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.

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THIRD REICH

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Term used for the Nazi state. Seen as the historical successor to the mediæval Holy Roman Empire (9621806) and to the modern German Empire (18711918).

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TOTAL WAR

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A war of unlimited scope in which a belligerent engages in a mobilization of all available resources at their disposal, whether human, industrial, agricultural, military, natural, technological, or otherwise, in order to entirely destroy or render beyond use their rival's capacity to continue resistance.

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TRIPLE ENTENTE

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The name given to the alliance between the Great Britain, the French Third Republic, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.

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ULTIMATUM

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A demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance.

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ADOLF HITLER

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Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945).

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JOSEPH STALIN

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Soviet politician. The successor of Lenin, he was general secretary of the Communist Party (1922-1953) and premier (1941-1953) of the USSR. His rule was marked by the exile of Trotsky (1929), a purge of the government and military, the forced collectivization of agriculture, a policy of industrialization, and a victorious but devastating role for the Soviets in World War II.

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ALLIED POWERS

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Countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The key members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire. Many other countries later joined the Entente side in the war: Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, and Portugal, which were also drawn into the war.