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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Analects
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The book of sayings of Confuscius
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Dao
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The mysterious origin of the universe, which is present and visible in everything
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Daodejing
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The classic scripture of Daoism
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Five Classics
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The classical literature of the time preceding Confucius, including poetry, history, and divination
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Four Books
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The major Confucian books, which include the sayings of Confucius and Mencius
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Junzi
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"Noble Person," the refined human ideal of Confucianism
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Laozi
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The legendary founder of Daosim
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Legalists
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The strictest of the Chinese philosophical schools, which advocated strong laws and punishments
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Li
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Appropriate action, ritual, propriety, etiquette
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Mohists
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A Chinese school of philosophy that taught universal love
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Qi
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The life force
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Ren
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Empathy, consideration for others, humaneness; a Confucian virtue
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Shu
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Reciprocity; a Confucian virtue
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Wen
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Cultural refinement; a Confucian virtue
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Wu wei
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"No action," "no strain"; doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally; effortlessness
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Xiao
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Family devotion, filial piety; a Confucian virtue
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Yang
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The active aspect of reality that expresses itself in speech, light, and heat
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Yijing
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An ancient Confucian book of divination, one of the Five Classics, still in use today
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Yin
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The receptive aspect of the universe that expresses itself in silence, darkness, coolness, and rest
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Zhuangzi
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Author of the Zhuangzi, a book of whimsical stories that express themes of early Daoist thought
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Ashkenazim
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Jews who lived in or came from central Europe
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Bar mitzvah
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The coming of age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community
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Biblical Judaism
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Judaism before the destruction of the Second Temple
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Canaan
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An ancient name for the land of Israel
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Conservative Judaism
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A branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism
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Covenant
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A contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh
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Diaspora
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The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region
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Essenes
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A reclusive semimonastic Jewish group that flourished from 150 BCE to 68 CE
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Hanukkah
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An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days
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Holocaust
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The destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis; also known as Shoah
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Kabbalah
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"Recieved," "handed down"; the whole body of Jewish mystical literature
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Ketuvium
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"Writings"; the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works
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Kosher
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"Ritually correct"; refers particularly to food preparation and food consumption
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Menorah
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A candelabrum usually containing seven - and occasionally nine - branches, used for religious celebrations
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Messiah
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A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews
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Midrash
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"Search"; rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law
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Nevi'im
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"Prophets"; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books
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Orthodox Judaism
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The most traditional branch of Judaism
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Passover (Pesach)
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A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrew's exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression
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Pharisees
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A faction during the Second Temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules
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Prophet
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A person inspired by God to speak for him
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Purim
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A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jew's being saved from destruction, as told in the Book of Esther
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Rabbi
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A religious teacher; a Jewish minister
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Rabbinical Judaism
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Judaism that developed after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE)
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Reconstructionism
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A modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism
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Reform
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A movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism
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Rosh Hashanah
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"Beginning of the year"; the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring in the seventh lunar month
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Sabbath
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"Rest"; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work
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Sadducees
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A priestly faction, influential during the Second Temple period
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Seder
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"Order"; a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt
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Sephardim
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Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region
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Sukkot
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"Booths"; a festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jews' period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from Egypt
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Talit
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A prayer shawl worn by devout males
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Talmud
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An encyclopedic commentary on the Hebrew scriptures
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Tanakh
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The complete Hebrew scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets (Nevi'im), and Writings (Ketuvim)
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Tefillin
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Phlyacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by Orthodox males on their head and left arm at morning prayer during the week
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Theophany
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A revelation or appearance of God
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Torah
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"Teaching," "instruction"; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also, the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis
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Western Wall
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The foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer
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Yarmulke
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The skullcap worn by devout males
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Yom Kippur
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Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year
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Zealots
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An anti-Roman, nationalistic Jewish faction, active during the Roman period of control over Israel
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Zionism
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A movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel
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Caliph
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"Successor"; a religious and political leader
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Dhikr
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A devotional remembrance of Allah through the recitation of his ninety-nine names and other devotional practices
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Fana
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"Extinction"; the sense of loss of self in mystical experience
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Hadith
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"Recollection"; remembrance of an act or saying of Muhammed
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Hajj
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Pilgrimage to Mecca
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Hijra
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"Flight"; Muhammad's escape from Mecca to Yathrib
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Id al-Adha
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The Day of Sacrifice during the month of the Hajj when an animal is sacrificed to recall the submission of Abraham
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Id al-Fitr
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The festival at the end of the month of Ramadan during which people feast and visit friends and often visit the graves of ancestors
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Imam
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A religious leader; specifically, one of the month of Ramadan during which people feast and visit friends and often the graves of ancestors
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Islam
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"Submission"; the Muslim religion and the community of believers who have submitted themselves to Allah
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Jihad
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"Struggle"; the ideals both of spreading Islamic belief and of heroic self-sacrifice
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Kabah
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"Cube"; the square shrine at the center of the great mosque of Mecca
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Khadijah
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First wife of Muhammad
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Mihrab
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The decorated niche inside a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca
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Minaret
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A tower used by a chanter to call people to prayer
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Mosque
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A muslim place of worship
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Muezzin
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A chanter who calls people to prayer
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Muslim
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A person who submits to Allah
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Qiblah
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The direction toward Mecca towards which Muslims pray
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Qur'an
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"Recitation"; God's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad; an authorized edition of the written words that appeared after Muhammad's death
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Ramadan
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The month of fasting; the ninth month of the Muslim calander
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Sharia
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"Path"; the whole body of Islamic law, which guides a Muslim's life
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Shiite
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A minority branch of Islam, which holds that Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali
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Sufism
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A group of devotional movements in Islam
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Sunni
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The majority branch of Islam, which holds that genuine succession from Muhammad did not depend on hereditary descent from his son-in-law Ali
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Sura
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A chapter of the Qur'an
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The Five Pillars of Islam
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Creed (Shahadah): "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger."
Prayer (Salat): Five Times a Day Charity to the Poor (Zakat) Fasting During Ramadan (Sawm) Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) |
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The Four Kinds of Judaism
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Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist
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Huston Smith - The Hallowing of Life
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Jews are united more by what they do than what they think. Ritual aims to hallow life. All life down to its smallest elements can be seen as a reflection of the infinite sources of holiness, which is God (piety). Piety prepares the way for the coming of God's kingdom on earth; all must see the entire world belongs to God and reflects his glory. Tradition preserves the sanctity of all things. The manual for the hallowing of life is the Torah.
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Huston Smith - Sufism
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Those within the Islam community who bore the inner message of Islam. "Love the pitcher less and the water more." They wanted to encounter God directly in this lifetime. Love (heart knowledge), ecstasy (visual/visionary knowledge), and intuition (mental knowledge) draws Sufis close to God. Sufi often claims that an authority derived from God and a knowledge given from above rather than learned in the schools.
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Huston Smith - Deliberate Tradition
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Jen: The Ideal relationship
Chun Tzu: The mature perso Li: Propriety (way things should be done) and Ritual (Right behavior with Confucian lengths) Te: The power by which men are ruled Wen: The arts of peace as contrasted to the arts of war The Confucian project: Goal of becoming more fully human. The self is the center of relationships. Ascent - becoming a fully realized human being through expanding sympathy and empathy indefinitely. Transcending selfishness by caring for others (five constant relationships). |
