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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Paleolitic
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old stone age,2.5 million-12000 BC
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Mesolithic
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Middle ages 12000-8000BC
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Neolithic
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New age 8000-3000 BC
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Specilization
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ability of humans to concentrate on tasks not directly related to survival
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Myth
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traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heros to explain natural worlds(customs beliefs of a society)
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Cultural diffusion
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spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another
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Barter System
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system of trade in which people exchange goods & services w/o the use money)
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Civilization
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form of culture charaterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institution, record keeping & advaced technology
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Catal Huyuk
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Oldest found city
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How society changed from early man in meso.& Neo eras
(hint there are 3) |
Domestication
Sickle Pottery |
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Domestication
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training animals for human use
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Sickle
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used to cut down grain
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Pottery
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clay pots for storage
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Mene
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King,who created a double crown, from red and white crowns,unites 2 kingdoms and name it memphis
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Hyksos
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Asian war-like nomads, who beats Eqyptions b/c of use of Bronze weapons
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Akhenaton
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pharon;whose a vision came up came up w/idea of one god's sun god ran and had Egyption religion changed to monothesis
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What contribuations to civilization did the Sumerians?
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irrigation-carried river to a wheel these fieilds and allowed them to have unified writting surplus of crops
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what are the 5 charateristic of sumerian civilization
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advanced cities
specialized workers complex instutitions record keeping advancded technology |
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Sargon I
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caonqueror who defeated the city-states of Sumer,(created 1st empire)
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Ziggurat
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where the priest applead to the gods for well being ,also go-between w/Gods also city hall, Harrapa in present day packistan
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what is religion of the Summerians?
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polytheistic
god/goddess had human virtues(man created in their form) no heaven/hell |
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What is the code of hammurabi?
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It brought everyone together to have one set of concerte rules,1st law code
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Epic of Gilgamesh vs. Old Testament
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-flood-
-paradise- -snake/serpant- -apple/flower-immorality -Flood- |
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Harappa
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city named civilization,well planned and laid out, had sepprate neighborhoods
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Aryans
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nomads that moved into india ,from asia
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Monsoons
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winds,wet=south,Dry=North, unpredictable and caused either floods or doughts
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Shang Dynasty
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1st family of Chinese rulers to leave written records
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Oracle Bones
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animal bones & tortuise shells on which priests scratched questions for the gods
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Han Dynasty
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Cunfician scholars running gov't, grain warehouse,incase of famine expanded,gov't based on cunticition idea's,had exminations
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Qin Dynasty
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expanded roads and canals, standardized carts wheels,gauge, oppressions againest confucians scholars,great wall of china
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Zhou Dynasty
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overthrew Shang Dynasty
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Vedas
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religious teachings that came w/Aryan's:all oral
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Karma
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life is determained in this one on how you do in the next
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Dharma
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duty,how you were expected to act/do
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Varna
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system distinguished by skin, color, family, rigid caste sytem
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Mosksha
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vitamite release once you reach your highest level
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Four Major Truths
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Buddha's 1st sermon
1.all existene is suffering 2.suffering is caused by desire 3.to end suffering, stop desiring 4.Follow the 8th Fold Path |
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Eightfold Path
C R F W R K S P |
1.Control thoughts
2.Resist evil 3.free mind of evil 4.work for the good of others 5.repect life 6.know truth 7.say nothing to hurt others 8.Practice meditation |
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Buddha memeber of warrior Varna,prince
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Theravada
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Tradtional Buddihism
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Mahayana
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Budda's is diety
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Recarnation
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any and of rebirth
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Major events in life of Buddha
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leaves place 4 times
-old man- funeral sickman monk Great renounciation tree enlightment 4 Noble truths |
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Toran
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1st 5 Books of Hebrew bible,most sacred writings in Jewish tradition
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Babylonian Captivity
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when Babylonians captured Israelites and they were the 1st to wrote down there stories
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Judaism was differnet b/c
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monothesis
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Confucius
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grew up a scholar, taught students to learn and rulers to rule, devolped philosophey on how to create a democracy
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Lao Tse
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founder of Daoism
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Legalist
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strict,negitive view of human nature,man is animal by nature and must be trained
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What do Jesus, Budda,Confucius and Socrates have in common
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none of them wrote anything down
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Daomism
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is concerned w/this world -Ying Yang
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Myceneans
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white people who moved w/Heliamous,War-Like people who bulit fortresses on hill tops ,learned bronze from minoans
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Dorians
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had iron weapons, supierior to bronze, learning declined and trading stopped
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Minoans
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1st ancient Greek civilization named after Mythical creature ,Minotar,destroyed by volcano- Thera
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Lonians
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decendents from those who fled Dorians,Brought back alphabet,Oligarchies
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Geography of Grecce
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many island and city-state-sea
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Athens and Sparta Alike
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Both are greek city states
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Athena and Sparta Different
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Sparta-war based
Athena-based on lituratue and music Sparta-men warriors and women =baby makers Athens-men intelliectual,women=not |
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athenaian decormany
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Citizen:male,18years old;born of citizens parents
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Democratic Athens
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Citizen-male, 18yrs, born of citizen parents
laws voted on and proposed directly by assambly and citizens Leader is chosen by lot Excetive branch had 500 men Juries varied in size No attorney;No appels and one day trials political power was exercise by the people 3 branches legislative passes laws excuise carries out the law judicial enfosies laws |
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Cleithenes
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he knew you couldn't have aristocracy he said they had to share power w/people ,established basic principals of democracy
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The Athenians Revolt
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Athenians revolted againest gov't and were successful
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monarchy
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gov't in which Power is in the hands of a single person
*State ruled by a king *rule is heredity *some rulars claim divine rights *Practiced in Mycenae |
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Oligarchy
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ruled by few
*State ruled by a small group of citizens *rule is based on wealth *ruling group controls military *In Sparta |
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Decmocracy
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state ruled by it citizens of through represitives
rule is based on citizenship majoirty rule decides In Athans |
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Why was the Persian wars so significant?
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*Greek-city-states felt a new sense of confidence and freedom
*Athens was based in glory *Athens became the leader of 140 city states *Athens used its large navy to control the other league members |
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Phalanx
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military formation of foot soliders armed with spears and shields.
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Marathon
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Pheidippides runs from Marathon to Athans as fast as possible and brought news of Perisan's defeat then collapsed and died
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Salamis
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a few miles southwest of Athens
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Why was the Golden Age titles the Goldern Age?
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because art,music,theateher,and science and mathmatic di=iscovers acord.also Athans had a lot of gold
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Socrates
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sophist philosopher,he believed that absoulte standards did exist for truth and jusidence.
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Plato
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students of socrates, philospher,who thought an intelligent and insightful person should be choosen
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Aristotle
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philopher who questioned nature of world and of human thought,belief and knoweledge
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Pericles
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wise and skillful politions who wanted to strenghten Athenian democracy, hold and strenghten empire , and glorify Athens
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Greek sturcture characteristics:
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figures graceful
strong and perfectly formed faces showed only serenity vaules of order, balance, porportion |
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What events lead to the decline of athens during the peloponnesian?
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Plague
in 404BC Athens surrenders and they lost power, wealth, and empire |
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How was the dealth of socrates significicant?
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He was the first to die for what he believed in.Also he was a scapegoat for the war.
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who were the great playwrights and charateristic of drama?
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2 types of drama
Tragedy(about heros) and Comendy(satire) actors wear huge boots and masks Sophocles-Greek playwright introduced 3rd actor,making conflict possible Aristophane-wrote comedies Aeschylus-added 3rd actor Thesbis-became 1st actor |
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Phillip of Macedon
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wanted to take control of Greece,he used 16x16 phalanx and calvery
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Hellenism
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principals or ideas realted to the greeks,under alexander the great,age that had change in thought
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Philosophies of Stoicism
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created by zeno,accept what happens and don't try and change it,don't seek out pain and viture source of wisdom that comes from morality
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Philosophies of Epicureanism
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Pleasure is purpose of life but avoiding habits that bring pain, health,frustuation and desire.
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Philosophies of Synicism
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radical doctrine of moral-self suffenciracy, rejected materialism
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Hellenistic Sculpure vs.Classical
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more dramatic,movent and or action shown, more based on humans
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Geography of Italy
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mountains N and middle of sea ,open plains
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Etruscacns
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built iron weapons and tools
artist supersious religion disicpled army |
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Cynicism
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radical doctrine of moral-self suffenciracy, rejected matericalism
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Greeks
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brought olives and grapes-a alphabet
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Laitn
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drained swamps
intro the brick forum-central place |
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Senate
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300 men,served for life
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Consul
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2 commanders-in-chief
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Censor
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Census takers and tax assesors
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Tribune
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safeguard,represented people
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Functions of Repulication gov't
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sente
Consul |
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Hannibal
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military genius,had hatered of Rome
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Cannae
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Battle where Haniball conplelly surrounds an army(very rare)
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Zama
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battle where haniball is defeated
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Punic Wars
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effects: new territory, elimation of rival, new territories, needed civil service ,farms,destoryed people killed
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Accomplishments of Caesar:
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public works project
urban revivial Calender land reform flood control cultural expansion |
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Julius Claudian Emperors
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emperors immeadiality after Augustus
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Good Emperors
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series of Good Emperors
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Hadrian's Wall
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barriar of stopping of me Roman Empire
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Accomplishments of Augustus
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reforming city
1st police and fire dept great public works reduced size of army established formal pension |
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Pax Romana
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Roman Peace
Roman empire @ height expands to present border economy @ its high |
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How did Diolectian and change the empire?
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Dicoletion
divided empire froze occupation raised taxes improve collection method of taxas |
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How did Constantine change the empire?
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had churchs bulit
called 1st church consol Passed Edict of Milian Believed in Christian god after Milvian bridge |
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Peter
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one of the first apostles
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Paul
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apostle had enormas influance on christanity devolpment ,never met Christ
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Battle of the Milvian Bridge
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Where Constine had ephiphany and saw cross,painted it on sheilds,won battle
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Edict of Milan
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passed by constantine,it granted religoius freedom
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Muhammad
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born into a powerful Meccan clan ,orphange @ the age of 6,raised by grandfather and uncle,recieve very little education ,was "last"propet
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Hijira
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migration,when muhammad and his followers moved to Yathrib
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Quaran
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Islamic Holy book,which was god's words as reveled to muhammad
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Mecca
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where muhammad began to preach publicly
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Medina
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aka yathrib renamed to mean"city of the prophet"
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What are the 5 pillers of islam?
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Faith
Alms Fasting Prayer Pilgrimage |
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Faith
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has to say "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messager of Allah."Said daily and in islamic rituals.
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Prayer
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5 times a day ,face Mecca,
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Alms
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supporting the poor
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Fasting
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during Ramadan they fast from from sunset to sunrise
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Pilgramage
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they are suuposed to go on a hajj.
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Shi'a
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the branch of Islam whose members acknowlege Ali and his desendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
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Sunni
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the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad
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Clovis
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1st leader to accept christanity, established merovian an dynasty
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Battle of Tours
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battle that stopped the spread of muslism empire
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"Carolingian Renissance"
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established schoolgy irish, scholars were teachers economy went UP,money used again ,public work projects
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Treaty of Verdun
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broke up empire into,Germany France and Celtic Belt
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Magyars
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plunders,horse riding people from central Asia
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Dark Ages
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learning scare,money was lost,no legal system and economy stragnated
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Dim Age
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leaning,was scarce but it still occured
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Accopmlishments of Charlemagne:
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added terriory to Frankish empire
estblished system of governers courts who traveled throught region to solve promblems encouragment to learning |
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What happen after Charlamane died?
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Loius& Loius's 3 sons fought over crown=>civil war=>Treaty of Verdan=>loss of King's power
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Vassal
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person reciving a fief
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fief
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land,granted by land owner,given in exchange for military protection
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Serf
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people who could not lawfully leave the place they were born ,bound through land
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Manor
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lord's estate
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Chivalry
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code complex set of ideals demanded a knight bravely for this 3 masters
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Benedict's rule
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rules for priests,code
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Excommunication
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taking away of a person's right of membership in a christan church
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Simony-
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selling of the church postions"preaching ordersy"
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lay investiture
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the apponiment of religious officals by kings or nobles
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Reasons for fuedal system
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*King's power decreased ,central gov't power decrease
*people invaded by 3 people and local leaders set up and offer protection,in exchange for alligance |
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What is the legal and social status of serfs?
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lord 2 vassal
land right wrongs done 2 vassals ,oath,finical aid, tax and house him,military,relief,and fuedal aids. Blonged w/land not slaves almost peasants |
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Describle the contributions of monoasteries to Medival society?
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hospitals
schools |
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Pope Greg VII and Henry IV conflicts
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*Pope Greg VII banned lay investiure
*Henry IV didn't like that abd sent him a letter Pope excommmunicates Henery Henery travels to see amd askas him for forgivness |