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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Fascism? |
A type of government in which nationalism is stressed and the interests of the state are considered more important than those of individuals. These governments are usually led by dictators. Examples of fascists governments: Nazi Germany under Hitler, Italy under Mussolini |
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Who was Adolf Hitler? |
Dictator of Germany |
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Who was Benito Mussolini? |
Fascist dictator of Italy |
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What is Militarism? |
Glorifying the military, a nation led by a military leader, preparing the military is considered extremely important. Example of a country that practiced militarism: Japan led by Hideki Tojo |
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What is Neutral and who wanted to remain so in 1941? |
Not taking sides during a conflict, what the United States wished to remain before December 7, 1941 |
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What did The Neutrality Act of 1939 allow? |
Allowed warring countries to buy weapons from the US as long as they paid cash and carried the arms away on their own ships |
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What were FDR's Four Freedoms? |
From President Roosevelt's January 6, 1941 speech: 1. Freedom of Speech 2. Freedom to Worship 3. Freedom from Want 4. Freedom from Fear |
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What was the Lend-Lease Act? |
A law that said the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to the defense of the United States |
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America's Embargo on Oil and Steel |
Japanese aircraft pose a threat to the British Empire, so the US froze all Japanese assets in the US and reduced trade with Japan |
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In his famous speech on December 8, how did FDR refer to December 7, 1941? |
A day which will live in infamy |
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Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? |
It was where most of the US Pacific fleet was docked |
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Why does the US finally enter World War II? |
The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor |
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What countries made up the Allies as of 1941? |
Great Britain, United States, Soviet Union |
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What countries made up the Axis Powers as of 1941? |
Germany, Italy, Japan |
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What is a victory garden? |
A way of supporting the war effort that involved growing one's own produce |
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How did the US government finance approximately 40% of the cost of the war? |
Sale of War Bonds |
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What is rationing? |
A way of supporting the war effort that asked Americans at home to conserve materials and accept stamps or coupons that limited the purchase of certain items like gasoline, sugar, butter and rubber |
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What did the War Production Board do? |
Convert peacetime industries to war production Example: Chrysler stopped making cars and began to produce tanks |
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How was homefront propaganda dispensed to the public? |
Posters, radio, visual media (cartoons, movies, etc) |
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What is the name of the fictional female character who portrayed the ideal woman worker as loyal, efficient, patriotic and pretty? |
Rosie the Riveter |
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What does Executive Order 9066 do? |
Forced 110,000 Japanese Americans to leave their homes and live in detention camps in desolate parts of the US |
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About how many detention camps were built to house Japanese-Americans forced to leave their homes? |
10 |
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What was the original ruling in Korematsu vs. US? |
The detention of Japanese Americans was necessary for national security |
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In what year did the US government apologize to Japanese Americans for their detention during WWII and pay reparations? |
1988 |
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Why was the Battle of Stalingrad a turning point in WWII? |
Put Germans on the defensive for the first time. And, with so many German soldiers taken prisoner or killed, the Germans did not have the manpower needed to cope with a Russian advance when it came |
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Who were the American generals in charge of Operation Torch? |
Eisenhower and Patton |
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What was the goal of Operation Torch? |
Clear Axis Powers from North Africa, improve Allied naval control of the Mediterranean, prepare for an invasion of Southern Europe through Italy |
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What was agreed at the Tehran Conference? |
Control of Germany would be divided after the war, the Soviet Union would help the US defeat Japan |
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What is Operation Overlord more commonly known as? |
D-Day |
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Where did Operation Overlord take place? |
Normandy, France |
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What was the goal of Operation Overlord? |
For the Allied Powers to gain passage into Europe through France so that they could begin the fight against Germany |
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Who was Harry S. Truman? |
Becomes president after FDR died on April 12, 1945. He later made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan |
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What does V-E Day stand for? |
Victory in Europe Day |
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Who was the commander of US forces in the Philippines? |
Douglas MacArthur |
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What happened during the Bataan Death March? |
Approximately 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war were marched 90 miles to a Japanese prison camp. Many human rights abuses were committed and thousands of POWs died along the way |
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Who organized a bombing raid on Tokyo, Japan in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor? |
James Doolittle |
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Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the Pacific? |
It stopped the Japanese advance into the Pacific |
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What was the US military strategy in Pacific, which aimed to get the US within striking distance of Japan, called? |
Island-hopping |
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Who was victorious at Leyte Gulf? |
The Americans - Douglas MacArthur retook the Philippines and liberated American POWs |
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Why were the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa significant? |
They were used as bases to launch aerial assaults on the Japanese home islands and it marked the first time an invader's flag flew over Japanese territory |
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What was the code name for the top secret project to develop the atomic bomb, based in New Mexico? |
The Manhattan Project |
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What was the main reason Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? |
To end the war quickly and save American lives (thousands would have died in a pro-longed land invasion) |
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What two Japanese cities were decimated by atomic bombs in August, 1945? |
Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
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What does VJ Day stand for? |
Victory in Japan Day |
