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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the foundation of culture and society during the Middle Ages?
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religion
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What are some characteristics of art in the Middle Ages?
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Humans are portrayed as unnatural figures.
Most paintings are considered to be two-dimensional. The style of art is described as dark, fantasy-like, and even Gothic. |
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What were the causes of the Renaissance?
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Crusades fought in the Middle East.
A growth in trade from the Middle East Spread of disease/plague Death of Millions |
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Where did the Renaissance first begin to develop?
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Urban areas in Northern Italy
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Which class and group of people MOST benefitted from the economic changes of the Renaissance?
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middle class & merchants
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According to experts from the time, what was it MOST important for men and women of the Renaissance to be?
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educated
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Why were Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarotti considered leaders of the Renaissance?
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They were well educated.
They excelled at many things. They incorporated scientific principles into artistic expression. |
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What were the effects of the Renaissance?
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Secularism
Humanism Individualism Enjoyment of life |
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How did the printing press change most people's lives?
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Books became less expensive.
Information could be communicated more easily. New subjects and areas of study were introduced. |
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What effect did inventions (i.e. the printing press) and the growth of trade have on the Renaissance?
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It spread North and to the rest of Europe.
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What were some common forms of corruption in the Catholic Church?
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Selling positions of leadership within the church.
Charging Christians to see sacred relics. Popes having illegitimate children. Selling Indulgences |
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How did Martin Luther first protest against the Catholic Church?
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Publishing the 95 Theses.
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What issue became most important issue of disagreement among Protestants & Catholics?
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Whether individuals should be allowed to interpret the Bible themselves.
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What impact did the Protestant Reformation have on Christianity?
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It divided Christians into either Catholic or Protestant groups.
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In what parts of Europe did Protestant religions become more popular?
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England and Germany
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What are some similarities between Catholics and Protestants?
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A "good" Christian's soul can be saved.
Jesus is the messiah and son of God The Bible is the holy book Christian religions |
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What are some differences between Catholics and Protestants?
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Language the Bible should be written in.
Use of religious artwork to teach. Sale of indulgences. Marriage of religious leaders. |
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What punishment did Martin Luther serve for questioning the Church?
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He was excommunicated from the church.
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How did people learn about the natural world before the Renaissance?
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By relying on the church's teaching and ancient texts.
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Based on his ideas about who could read the Bible, what Renaissance value does Luther represent MOST?
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Individualism
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Why were Copernicus's ideas seen as threatening to the Church?
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He argued against the geocentric theory.
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After Copernicus's death, how did Galileo support his argument about the earth and sun?
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By using a telescope, writing a book, and observing the movements of the moons of Jupiter.
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What happened to Galileo for supporting Copernicus's ideas publicly?
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He was prosecuted in a court of inquisition.
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How was the case of Galileo different from Luther?
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Galileo did recant his books and ideas but Luther didn't.
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What purpose did Newton have form inventing calculus?
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To prove that planets do not move in perfectly circular patterns.
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Why wasn't Newton prosecuted for teaching new ideas that challenged the Church?
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He lived in England, which is far away from Rome?
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Why did the Church reject many of the ideas of the Scientific Revolution?
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They challenged the ideas the Church supported.
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What resulted from the development of the Scientific Method?
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Use of logic & reason to draw conclusions.
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What concept states that the power to rule should be split up among different branches of the government?
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separation of powers
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According to Thomas Hobbes's concept of a social contract, what do people give up in order to gain security?
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freedom
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Which philosopher's ideas of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" are best supported in the Declaration of Independence?
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John Locke
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What Enlightenment idea does "I disagree with what you say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it"?
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freedom of speech
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What change in society helped to bring about the Enlightenment philosophers and their ideas?
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Scientific Revolution & Renaissance
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How does American government reflect Enlightenment thinking and ideas?
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Authority to rule comes from the people.
Powers of government are separated into three branches. People's right to free speech is protected by the government. |
