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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the reasons why Rome's location made it a good place to settle?
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-located along the Tiber River
-located in the center of Italian peninsula -located the center of the Mediterranean Sea |
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What areas in the Roman Empire were considered provinces?
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Egypt, Spain, Britain, Gaul, Judea
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What groups of people in Rome would be considered "non-citizens"?
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-Slaves
-People in provinces -women & children |
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What impact did the Punic Wars have on Rome?
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It gave it more land, wealth, and slaves.
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What group of people was able to get rich through bribery & tax-farming?
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government officials
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What group of people was forced to pay most of the taxes in Rome?
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people in the provinces
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What caused the drop in prices (especially grain)?
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Large landowners produced a large amount of crops.
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How did the drop in the price of crops (especially grain) effect Rome?
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Small farmers were forced to sell their farms & look for jobs.
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What group lost status and respect in Roman society?
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Retired soldiers
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After the Punic Wars, what did many Romans begin to value more than honesty & character?
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Wealth & money
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Why were equites disappointed with their position in Roman society?
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They were not allowed to serve in high government offices.
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What reforms did Tiberius & Gauis Gracchus make?
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-Gave more political power to the equites & other plebeians.
-Limited the amount of land the Senate could use. -Provided land and grain for the homeless. |
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How did military leaders like Marius and Caesar attempt to change Rome?
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They won the soldiers' loyalties by providing them with food & money.
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How was Julius Caesar able to take total control of Rome?
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-Won the loyalty & respect of the soldiers.
-He was named dictator for life. -He made several reforms to help the lower classes. |
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Which groups of Romans supported the murder of Julius Caesar?
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Senators, conservatives, patricians
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Which government action would be considered a reactionary decision?
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Forcing homeless soldiers to retire.
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Who did Octavian fight against in the last civil war & was also his onetime partner?
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Marc Antony
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Which groups did Augustus (Octavian) make major changes for following his victories?
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people in the provinces & soldiers
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How did Augustus (Octavian) stabilize the Roman Empire?
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He made the military loyal to the government instead of an individual general.
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When Rome became an empire under Augustus (Octavian), what kind of government did it become?
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monarchy
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What caused problems in French society in the 18th Century?
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The first two estates had special privileges.
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Prior to the French Revolution, how did French kings strengthen their power?
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They made intendants collect taxes & report directly to them.
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Why did France go into such great debt in the 18th Century?
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-It lost expensive wars.
-Kings continued to spend money on luxuries. -It was unable to pay off loans from banks. |
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Which group of French citizens was forced to pay most of the taxes.
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middle class (bourgeoisie)
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What were the Enlightenment ideas that were popular in the French Revolution?
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Liberty (natural rights)
Equality Separation of Powers Social Contract |
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What type of government did the the supporters of the Enlightenment in France demand?
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republic/representative democracy
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What government actions were supported by members of the revolution?
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Writing a constitution.
Protecting citizen's rights. Limiting the powers of the king. |
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What liberal reforms did the National Assembly make?
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Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens
Allowed more commoners to serve as officers in the military. Placed the Church under government control. |
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During self-government, why did France experience many problems?
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The citizens did not have the same respect for the government.
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What occurred during the Reign of Terror?
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The Committee on Public Safety used extreme violence to get people to respect the government.
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What were reforms instituted by Napoleon?
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A code of laws that treated all citizens equally.
He reestablished a relationship with the Catholic Church. He opened public schools for all classes. He created a more efficient system of taxation. |
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How were Napoleon and Augustus (Octavian) similar leaders?
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They provided equality & safety
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What groups were liberals in Rome & France?
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Rome-small farmers, people in the provinces, Gracchus Brothers, retired soldiers, Marius, Caesar
France-middle class (bourgeoisie), urban workers, intendants, peasants |
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What groups were conservatives in Rome & France?
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Rome-large landowners, government officials, senators, Sulla
France-king & royal family, clergy, nobility |
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What did each of the following groups feel about the government?
Liberals, Conservatives, Moderates, Radicals? |
Liberals-want to reform the system of government
Conservatives-want to keep the system of government as it is. Moderates-want to change some aspects of the government and keep other aspects the same Radicals-want to completely change the government |
