Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Materialism |
A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comport as more important than spiritual values. |
|
|
|
Humanism |
An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humantists' beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. |
|
|
|
Theism |
Belief in the existence of a god or gods, especially belief in one God as creator of the universe, intervening in it and sustaining a personal relation to his creatures. |
|
|
|
Atheism |
Disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or gods. |
|
|
|
Antitheism |
The active opposition to theism. Typically refers to direct opposition to organized religion or to the belief in any deity, while in a theistic context, it sometimes refers to the opposition to a specific God or gods. |
|
|
|
Agnosticism |
Belief it is impossible to know anything about God or about the creation of the universe and refrains from commitment to any religious doctrine. |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Belief in Spirit Forces |
All prehistoric people believed that everything was controlled by unseen forces. These forces were good or bad and directly affected the lives of the people. |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Manipulation of Unseen Forces |
Acts of worship were directed to particular gods. This was to please or persuade the gods. |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Moral Systems |
Every prehistoric society had rules governing their way of life. This was to protect the tribe. Taboos or forbidden actions were thought to produce evil on the tribe. - trial and error to determine taboos -public health was wrapped in religion |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Concern About Death |
They developed elaborate burial ceremonies to help the dead person's journey into the next world a safe and happy one. This was to also ensure the person would not haunt the living. -believed that what you were buried with would be necessary in the afterlife -buried in fetal position (to symbolize rebirth?) -east/west burial due to location of sunrise/sunset |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Prophecy |
There was always present a prophetic witness. This person would speak to the gods on behalf of the tribe. -witch doctor |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Sacrifice |
As part of the worship services, the tribe would offer a sacrifice to the gods. -virgins, fear of death |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Sacrifice |
As part of the worship services, the tribe would offer a sacrifice to the gods. -virgins, fear of death |
|
|
|
Native Systems: Designated Places of Worship |
Each tribe chose a special place, such as a cave, for their religious ceremonies. - caves, cave paintings - escarpment |
|
|
|
Native Shaman |
A magic specialist, also known as a witch doctor or medicine man. Believed to magically control the spirits. Worked themselves into deep trances of spirit-possession during which their spirits were said to travel to far places to discover the intentions of the spirits or the condition of the dead. Worked themselves into trances by means of drumbeating, dancing, self-hypnosis, chanting, and drugs. |
|
|
|
Native Sacrifices |
Early rituals often involved animal and human sacrifices because it was believed that both spirits and people needed the power that was presented in life and blood. People believed that the spirits must be forced to grant favours, magic as coercion entered in. The value of any offerings, especially when totally sacrificed by burning, was thought to be very high because of the cost to the offerer. Often the sacrificed animals were only partially burnt; then the roasted meat was shared with the spirit powers in a community meal. |
|
|
|
Native Fetishes |
(i.e. Lucky stones) Prehistoric peoples were animists- that is, they believed that inanimate or non living objects could be inhabited by spirits. A fetish (also a talisman, charm, or amulet) is an object venerated as the dwelling place of a spirit. Fetishism is the belief in control over the spirits in certain objects. The story of Aladdin's magic lamp, in which a powerful genie is a slave to the owner of the lamp, is a classic tale of fetishism. Wearing a mask could allow the person wearing the mask to take on the powers of the spirit represented by the mask. |
|
|
|
Imitative Magic |
The belief that look alikes act alike; if someone imitates the looks and actions of a certain person or animal or cloud, that person can bring about a like action in the imitated person or object. Rolling rocks down a steep slope while beating drums and imitating sounds of thunder was believed to be an effective way to bring on a needed rainstorm. |
|
|
|
Black Magic |
Sometimes equated with witchcraft, also operates on the principle of imitation but the purpose is to do evil. Stabbing a wax image of a hated enemy with pins is believed to bring about the malign effect. |
|
|
|
Contagious Magic |
Based on the notion that once things are joined, they will retain a magical sympathy even after separation. |
The Nazi flag |
|
|
Aversive Magic |
Communities rid themselves of accumulated guilt by transferring it to a "scapegoat." For instance, they might symbolically load their guilt into a boat and then set it adrift on the sea. |
|
|
|
Productive Magic |
Tries to ensure the supply of food by placating certain spirits. For instance, offerings of "firstfruits" are made to corn and vegetative deities. |
|
|
|
Native Spirituality |
Aboriginal people believed in the existence of the Creator or Great Spirit, see the creator in everything around us. They have a belief in life after death and that the present world is a preparation for the future life- this is known as the spirit world. There, there is peace, tranquility, and no lack of resources.
Holy power is not separated from the natural world, instead it is located within it. The natural world is the home of the sacred activity, and life is dependent on treating the environment with great dignity and respect. They would often apologize to the animals they needed to kill in this way, paying homage to the sacrifice necessary to sustain their own life.
Aboriginals believe that life is a circle, within, the Great Mystery at the centre. Animal, bird, and fish life are integral parts of the circle of life, no less than people. All parts of the environment are parts of the circle, and equal in importance. Everything draws from the circle, from the Great Spirit, the author of all life. |
|
|
|
Native Spirituality |
Aboriginal people believed in the existence of the Creator or Great Spirit, see the creator in everything around us. They have a belief in life after death and that the present world is a preparation for the future life- this is known as the spirit world. There, there is peace, tranquility, and no lack of resources.
Holy power is not separated from the natural world, instead it is located within it. The natural world is the home of the sacred activity, and life is dependent on treating the environment with great dignity and respect. They would often apologize to the animals they needed to kill in this way, paying homage to the sacrifice necessary to sustain their own life.
Aboriginals believe that life is a circle, within, the Great Mystery at the centre. Animal, bird, and fish life are integral parts of the circle of life, no less than people. All parts of the environment are parts of the circle, and equal in importance. Everything draws from the circle, from the Great Spirit, the author of all life. |
|
|
|
Native Vision Quest |
Part of the coming of age ceremony, the boy or girl would go away to spend time alone where contact with the spirit world was possible. Through fasting and prayer, the seeker of the vision quest hoped to make contact with the spiritual realm, share in its power, and gain a vision by which to direct their life. Often the vision was in a dream. Once received, the vision was encoded in a sacred song or dance that belonged to that person. -ate the heart of first kill (contagious magic) |
|
|
|
Native Respect of Wisdom |
A respect for the wisdom of children and old people is important and admired because they are closest to the Great Spirit. |
|
|
|
Native "Fours" |
Many native traditions pay homage to the "fours" of the earth as the essential images of these sacred forces: -4 directions (North, south, east, west) -4 elements (earth, air, water, fire) -4 seasons (fall, winter, spring, summer) -4 ages (infant, child, adult, old age) -4 tribes of earth (yellow, brown, red, white)
|
|
|
|
Native "Fours" |
Many native traditions pay homage to the "fours" of the earth as the essential images of these sacred forces: -4 directions (North, south, east, west) -4 elements (earth, air, water, fire) -4 seasons (fall, winter, spring, summer) -4 ages (infant, child, adult, old age) -4 tribes of earth (yellow, brown, red, white)
|
|
|
|
Native Sweat Lodge |
Uses the holistic approach to healing, a perpendicular is placed in a building filled with steam. The steam produces swear which purifies the body of it impurities. This physical cleansing becomes the occasion for a spiritual cleansing of anything that defiles the spirit, and is also a time for prayer. |
|
|
|
Native "Fours" |
Many native traditions pay homage to the "fours" of the earth as the essential images of these sacred forces: -4 directions (North, south, east, west) -4 elements (earth, air, water, fire) -4 seasons (fall, winter, spring, summer) -4 ages (infant, child, adult, old age) -4 tribes of earth (yellow, brown, red, white)
|
|
|
|
Native Sweat Lodge |
Uses the holistic approach to healing, a perpendicular is placed in a building filled with steam. The steam produces swear which purifies the body of it impurities. This physical cleansing becomes the occasion for a spiritual cleansing of anything that defiles the spirit, and is also a time for prayer. |
|
|
|
Native Sacred Pipe |
The use of the sacred pipe in ceremonies to express unity and reconciliation is another example of spiritual practice among some native traditions. |
|
|
|
The Jesuits |
The Black Robes in Canada were members of the Society of Jesus, an order of missionary priests. The Jesuits were known for their educational foundations (houses of training= are you sure you're ready to be a priest school, seminaries= be a priest school), their service as royal confessors, and their international missions. Trained at length in their own school, the Jesuits were among the most men in Europe. Accomplished linguists who learned myriad native languages, and keen debaters, whose task was to attack paganism by supplanting native religious leaders with their own evangelical authority and to lead entire tribes to embrace "the Faith." |
|
|
|
The Jesuits |
The Black Robes in Canada were members of the Society of Jesus, an order of missionary priests. The Jesuits were known for their educational foundations (houses of training= are you sure you're ready to be a priest school, seminaries= be a priest school), their service as royal confessors, and their international missions. Trained at length in their own school, the Jesuits were among the most men in Europe. Accomplished linguists who learned myriad native languages, and keen debaters, whose task was to attack paganism by supplanting native religious leaders with their own evangelical authority and to lead entire tribes to embrace "the Faith." |
|
|
|
Paganism |
Disbelief in Christianity |
|
|
|
Gitchi Manitou |
Great Spirit |
|
|
|
The Huron Carol |
The Huron Carol is native-ifying Christianity- Gitchi Manitou is cooperating with Christianity. |
|
|
|
The Iroquois and the Hurons |
Although they clashed so tragically, they were more alike than different. Each was a confederacy of 5 tribes, or nations, numbering 20-25 thousand people. Each spoke languages of the Iroquoian family and farmed vegetables, women owned the fields and longhouses. Clan mothers had a direct role in the appointment and removal of male Chiefs and in the adoption of prisoners.
Despite similarities, they were enemies by geography and history. The Iroquois traded on the Hudson with the Dutch, obtaining guns. When epidemic diseases scythed through Iroquois villages in the 1630s and 40s, their war parties increased in size, range, and ferocity as they sought to capture culturally similar Hurons as replacements for their fallen kin. |
|
|
Front (Term) |
Isis |
|
|
Front (Term) |
Re |
|
|
|
Amon |
God of Thebes, was usually shown as human, but sometimes as a ram or goose. The Romans later worshipped him as Jupiter Amon and consulted oracles at his temple. |
|
|
|
Anubis |
The jackal-God of mummification, assisted in the rites by which a dead man was admitted to the underworld. He holds the divine sceptre carried by kings and gods. |
|
|
|
Hathor |
Horned cow-goddess of love, was also deity of happiness, dance, and music. When a child was born, seven Hathors came to his bedside to decide his future life. |
|
|
|
Horus |
The falcon-headed God, holds in his right hand the ankh, a symbol of life. The Kings of Egypt associated themselves with Horus, who was the son of Isis and Osiris. |
|
|
|
Isis |
Wife and sister of Osiris, was gifted with great magical powers. Among other good works, she protected children- which made her the most popular Egyptian goddess. |
|
|
|
Nephthys |
Sister of Isis, was a goddess of women. Her name means "Lady of the Castle," and she was associated with the home of Osiris, whom she helped restore to life. |
|
|
|
Osiris |
A God of the earth and vegetation, symbolized in his death the yearly drought and in his miraculous rebirth the periodic flooding of the Nile and the growth of grain. |
|
|
|
Ptah |
A local God of Memphis, was the patron of craftsmen. Some legends say he spoke the names of all the things in the world and thereby caused them to spring into existence. |
|
|
|
Re |
The sun god of Heliopolis ("sun city"), became a state deity in the Fifth Dynasty. Some traditions made him the creator of men, and the Egyptians called themselves "the cattle of Re."
|
|
|
|
Seth |
Was regarded as the Lord of Upper Egypt and was represented by a big-eared imaginary animal resembling a donkey. He was associated win the desert and storms. |
|
|
|
Sobek |
A crocodile-God, was worshipped in cities and depended on water, such as the oasis city of Crocodilopolis, where the reptiles were kept in pools and adorned with jewels. |
|
|
|
Thoth |
Depicted as an ibis or a baboon, was the God of wisdoms and is associated with the moon; as the sun vanished, Thoth tried to dispel the darkness with his light. |
|
