Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Culture
|
All the things which make up a people's entire way of life.
|
|
|
Subculture
|
An identifiable group within a larger culture
i.e. Christians, teenagers, Amish etc. |
|
|
monotheism
|
Belief in one God
|
|
|
polytheism
|
Belief in many gods
|
|
|
matriarchy
|
Mother is the ultimate authority
|
|
|
acculturation/assimilation
|
Cultures meet, subculture takes on characteristics of the main culture
|
|
|
ethnocentrism
|
My culture is the best
|
|
|
folkways
|
Any way of thinking, feeling, behaving common to members of the same social group
(i.e. the way we eat) |
|
|
Agricultural Revolution
|
a.k.a Neolithic Revolution, the shift from food gathering to food production (farming)
|
|
|
Urban Revolution
|
Shift to cities (civilization)
|
|
|
In what type of areas did the first civilizations develop?
|
Fertile, river valleys; by rivers
|
|
|
Fertile Crescent
|
Area where civilization arose, Mesopotamia. (Tigris on top, Euphrates on bottom)
|
|
|
Phoenicians
|
Made Alphabet, shipbuilding, and trade
|
|
|
Judaism
|
Kosher (no pork, cheeseburger), contributed monotheism, Jesus not the Messiah
|
|
|
Abraham
|
Started Judaism
|
|
|
Moses
|
Law giver (10 Commandments), lead Jews out of Egypt
|
|
|
Abrahamic Faiths
|
1. Judaism (Isaac) 2. Christianity 3. Islam (Ismael)
|
|
|
Torah
|
First 5 books of Bible, Jewish holy scriptures
|
|
|
Covenant
|
mutual promise
|
|
|
Tribute
|
peace money paid by a weaker power to a stronger (Judah and Israel to Assyria)
|
|
|
Assyria
|
Rose to power because of a sophisticated military organization and state-of-the-art weaponry (brutal)
|
|
|
Persia
|
Modern day Iran, (modern Saudi Arabia vs Iran=Arabs vs Persia)
|
|
|
Cyrus the Great
|
Tolerant leader, freed Jews
|
|
|
Royal Road
|
Along with standard currency, it provided easy travel in Persian Empire. Held Empire together
|
|
|
Zoroaster
|
God of truth and light vs God of evil and darkness (paradise vs fiery pit)
|
|
|
Allah
|
Muslim word for God
|
|
|
Muhammad
|
Founder of Islam, "The Prophet", NOT divine
|
|
|
Islam
|
submission to the will of Allah
|
|
|
Muslim
|
one who has submitted
|
|
|
Qur'an
|
Holy book of Islam
|
|
|
Mosque
|
where muslims worship
|
|
|
haij
|
pilgrimage to Mecca
|
|
|
Five Pillars of Islam #1
|
Belief Statement "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet." SIMPLE
|
|
|
Five Pillars of Islam #2
|
Prayer: Pray 5 times a day, facing Mecca
|
|
|
Five Pillars of Islam #3
|
Alms: give to poor, 1/40 of income
|
|
|
Five Pillars of Islam #4
|
Fast: fast during the daylight hour of the holy month of Ramadan
|
|
|
Five Pillars of Islam #5
|
Pilgrimage: take the haij at least once in your life
|
|
|
Shari'a
|
religious law for muslims
|
|
|
Others beliefs of Islam
|
no pork, like Jews, but also no alcohol
|
|
|
Mamelukes
|
Turkish military slaves to Abbasids, rose to power
|
|
|
Seljuks
|
Sunni, Turkish, made war on other muslims, got support from Persian subjects
|
|
|
Ottomans
|
Sunni, Turkish, fought Shi'a muslims
|
|
|
Janissaries
|
slave Christian soldiers for Ottoman leaders in devshirme system
|
|
|
devshirme
|
Christian boys taken, educated, converted to Islam, and trained as Janissaries
|
|
|
How did Islam expand?
|
Conquest, trade, simplicity
|
|
|
Syria
|
Civil War with multiple sides and chemical weapons,
Modern Sunni vs Shi'a (Saudi Arabia supports rebels vs Assad minority Shi'a called Alawites) Part of Arab Spring |
|
|
Arab Spring
|
Stemmed from immoliation in Tunisia; Egypt gov. toppled; uprising against government widespread in Middle East
|
|
|
Why does US care about Middle East?
|
Oil
|
|
|
Islamic Fundamentalism
|
Strict interpretation of Qu'ran, Taliban: women cover up with burka, men grow beards
|
|
|
Palestinian vs Israel
|
Over land, rights of people
|
|
|
Yasir Arafat
|
leader of Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
|
|
|
Balfour Declaration
|
Britain supports a Jewish homeland
|
|
|
Anwar Sadat
|
Leader of Egypt, worked for peace between Palestine and Israel in Camp David Accords
|
|
|
Athens
|
Democracy, navy, individual freedom/expression, Arts, drama, philosophy, and women quiet and at home
|
|
|
Oligarchy
|
Rule by a few
|
|
|
Sparta
|
Oligarchy, army, had helots for servants, military state, service to state first, no individual expression, women had more rights, frugality
|
|
|
Socrates
|
rejection of relativism, if an action was crime then it was wrong for all people at all times
|
|
|
Plato
|
One perfect form of everything that is outside of man, "Republic"
|
|
|
Aristotle
|
5 elements to universe: 1. fire 2. earth 3. air 4. water 5. aether; Golden mean; orderly system for classifying info.
|
|
|
Euclid
|
Father of Geometry
|
|
|
Pythagoras
|
The theorem
|
|
|
Archimedes
|
lever, screw (auger), pi, volume and displacement
|
|
|
Pax Romana
|
infrastructure, same language "we're so powerful, that we'll smash you"
|
|
|
Early Rome
|
Republic
|
|
|
Julius Caesar
|
triumverates, rose to power assasinated 44 B.C.
|
|
|
Augustus
|
First Roman emperor, exalted son of divine competed with Jesus, solidified
|
|
|
Patrician
|
wealthy Romans
|
|
|
Plebians
|
poor Romans
|
|
|
Tribune
|
represented common people
|
|
|
Senate
|
represented Patricians
|
|
|
consul
|
2 leaders elected to one year term
|
|
|
dictator
|
man appointed in times of emergency with absolute power for 6 months
|
|
|
Constantine
|
Emperor who ends persecution of Christians
|
|
|
Fall of Rome
|
476 AD, Germanic tribes invade, inflation, weak economy, defective politics
|
|
|
Crusades
|
Want to take back Jerusalem, open contact (knowledge etc.) between Europe bring Europe out of Middle Ages
|
|
|
Middle Ages
|
Feudal System pyramid, local system of government
|
|
|
Renaissance
|
1300-1550, re-awakening
|
|
|
Reformation
|
1517, Martin Luther change Church
|
|
|
Counter-reformation
|
Ignatius of Loyola, Jesuits
|
|
|
Bubonic Plague
|
1250, kills 1/3 population of Europe, upheaval of Feudal pyramid
|
|
|
Enlightenment
|
Rational thought, math and science
|
|
|
Newton
|
Gravity, Laws of nature
|
|
|
Copernicus
|
Sun is center of universe
|
|
|
Galelio
|
Chose to defend heliocentric view conflict between church and science over teachings
|
|
|
Affect on U.S.
|
Natural Laws to Natural Rights to US constitution (We the people) and Declaration of Independence (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) to French Revolution
|
