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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neolithic Revolution
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New age of agriculture & its importance to society. Included dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep and chickens. The plow and wheel. Pottery- metals: copper, lead, & gold for weapons and jewelry. Boundary lines and rules of inheritance. 1st calendars.
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Ch 1 Human Beginnings (Prehistory 1000 BC)
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Three Basic Features of ERVC (Early River Valley Civilization)
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1. Specialized Labor
2. Some form of government 3. System of values & beliefs (religion) |
Ch 1 Human Beginnings (Prehistory 1000 BC)
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Regions Producing Goods
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-MID East: wheat & barley
-SE Asia: rice -Americas: corn -Africa: fruits -S America: potatoes |
Ch 1 Human Beginnings (Prehistory 1000 BC)
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Typical City Layout
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*Starting from (1) inside the circle going outward.*
1. Religious and gov, buildings 2. Homes of ruling class 3. Merchants 4. Home & shops of artisans 5. Homes of farmers, sailors, and fisherman (most of the population) |
Ch 1 Human Beginnings (Prehistory 1000 BC)
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Nile River
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- Little rain
- River valley vs. Rest of Africa - Constant floods - "heartbeat of Egypt" - WLR 4.160 mi |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Old Kingdom
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-500 yrs.
-Strong national gov. -king= god -Pyramids made honor to god-kings, eternal resting place. |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Middle Kingdom
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-Civil war ruined Old Kingdom
- New dynasty reunites Egypt/250 yrs. -Middle Kingdom land-> here come the Hyksos: W Asia and weapons and technology -Social unrest (Like Old Kingdom) |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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New Kingdom
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-Hyksos rule Egypt for 110 yrs.
-Egyptian revolt -Land= mass cultural difference -1st female ruler: Queen Hatshepsut - OK+NK= Social unrest + Ramses II |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Egyptian Golden Age
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-Population increased
-Education increased -New science breakthrough -Construction/ land -Employment increased -War? |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Egypt Social Class System (2 factors)
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1. % of population
2. Movement -religion dominated life - Polytheism |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Sumerian Culture
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- Men have complete authority/ dominate family
- Scribes were celebrated - Polytheistic - Natural forces and human activity -Unpredictable, selfish beings that hated humans -Life and after life - Wagon wheel, potters wheel, arch & sundial -1st 12 month calendar (3rd overall calendar) |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Hammurrabi's Law Code
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-Collected laws from throughout the region
-1 unified law code -282 sections/ much more severe than Sumerian lower class + Property for married women + Inheritance + Interest rates and loans |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Shang Culture
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-Kings can communicate with Gods
-They can make sacrifices and ancestor offerings |
Ch 2 Early Civilizations (4000 BC- 1000 BC)
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Dark Ages
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300 years of Greek history.
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Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Sparta
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-Descendants of Dorians
-Pelopennesus in S. Greece -Farming economy -No colonies/ invaded other Greek city-states |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Athens
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-Attica/ Athena
-Athens will expand "citizenship" -"All free Athenian-born men" -The Big 4 |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Marathon
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-1st attempt= failure
-2nd attempt was almost a success -2 yrs later at Marathon, upon arrival, Persia is attacked by... nobody? (natural disaster) -They attack Athens directly -6,400 Persian deaths vs. 192 Greek deaths |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Salamis
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-Persia returns to Greece 10 yrs later
-Xerxes + 200,000 -Sparta & Themistocles to the rescue -delay on land/ destroy at sea -Leonidas & Sparta, 7,000 Greeks/ 3 days -Sent most away but kept the mighty 300 -Persian navy destroyed |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Athenian Golden Age
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-Post Persian wars, Athens hits its Golden Age, led by Gen. Pericles
-Parthenon -Lavish buildings vs. simple homes |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Peloponnesian War
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-Persia remains a threat
-Athens forms Delian League; Sparta is jealous of DL -Athens dominates all of Greece -Athens vs. Sparta= Peloponnesian War |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Alexander's Conquests
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3 goals;
1. Build strong army 2. Unify Greece 3. Destroy Persia (1&2 accomplished) |
Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Hellenistic Culture
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Greek and Persian culture= Hellenistic Culture
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Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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The Fall of Greece
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Forced culture and diffusion
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Ch 4 The Rise of Ancient Greece (2500 BC- 350 BC) and Ch 5 The Height of the Greek Civilization (750 BC- 150 BC)
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Early Roman Republic
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Executive:
-2 consuls -Record keepers/ judges & tax collectors Legislative: -Assembly of centuries -Senate-> 300 men who serve for life Dictator for 5% of the time |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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1st Punic War
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-Lasted 20 yrs
-Carthage sacks Sicily, sends forces to straight of Messina -Rome responds with full scale attack -Roman army vs. Carthage Navy -Roman game plan; 1. Buy time w/army 2. Build navy 3. 20+ yrs of war |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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2nd Punic War
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-The rise of Hannibal
-Attack Rome directly -40,000 people + 40 elephants -Carthage begins to dominate -Rome was battered -Gen. Scipio has a plan... attack Carthage |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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3rd Punic War
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-Rome slaughters Carthage
-After 50 yrs of peace, Carthage starts to recover -Rome wants revenge -Carthage; burnt to the ground, Rome dominates entire Mediterranean region. |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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Pax Romana
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-200 years of Roman Peace; trade, and overall life is improved for everyone.
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Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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Edict of Milan
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Political declaration with the authority of law; it is OK to be Christian.
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Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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The Church Structure
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Must be united and clear in message.
Church transforms hierarchy; Patriarchs, bishops, and priests. |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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The Division of Christianity
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Roman Catholic:
Western Europe; Latin Eastern Orthodox Church: Eastern Europe; Greek |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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The Fall of Rome
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-Post Hun invasion, Rome was powerless
-Rome crashed by later 5th century -Roman culture endures through Catholic Church. |
Ch 6 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (750 BC- AD 500)
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Aryan Social Triangle
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*starting from bottom of triangle moving upward towards the tip of the triangle*
-5 Pariahs: Slaves -4 Sudras: Unskilled laborers/ servants -3 Vaisyas: Artisans & merchants -2 Kshatriyas: Warriors & rulers -1 Brahmas: Priests |
Ch 8 India's Great Civilization (1500 BC-AD 500)
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Hinduism vs. Buddhism
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Hinduism: Polytheistic; controlled nature. Through political & social change: Aryan culture-> Hinduism. 3 main gods, Upanishads & Vedas. Karma & Moksha.
Buddhism: Nirvana and Hindu gods. 4 Noble truths, 8 fold path. Flourishes in Asia. |
Ch 8 India's Great Civilization (1500 BC-AD 500)
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4 Noble Truths
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1. All people suffer and know some sorrow
2. People suffer because desire binds them to rebirth 3. End suffering by eliminating desire 4. End suffering by following the 8 Fold Path |
Ch 8 India's Great Civilization (1500 BC-AD 500)
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2 Branches of Buddhism
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-Therevada: South East Asia; Buddha was considered only a teacher.
-Mahayana: China, Korea, and Japan; Buddha was considered a divine being and savior. |
Ch 8 India's Great Civilization (1500 BC-AD 500)
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Gupta Golden Age
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New empire/ dynasty: Guptas. Smaller than the Mauryans in size and population. Gupta gave India its Golden Age.
Arabia: gems and horses China: silk and spices Rome: cotton and gold Science and medicine arose and taxation was minimal. |
Ch 8 India's Great Civilization (1500 BC-AD 500)
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Constantinople
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Numerous trade routes, multicultural character. Europe/ Asia. Considered the "New Rome"
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Ch 10 Byzantine Empire (AD 400- AD 1500)
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Byzantine Religion
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Christianity. Patriarchs of Constantinople, power and protection were balanced. Society and Christianity were associated with each other.
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Ch 10 Byzantine Empire (AD 400- AD 1500)
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Fall of the Byzantine Empire
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Islam flourished; Ottomon Turks. Central Europe was claimed by Islam. Slavs endure Byzantine culture.
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Ch 10 Byzantine Empire (AD 400- AD 1500)
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The Mongols
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Ghengis Khan; Mongol army was brutal and fast.
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Ch 10 Byzantine Empire (AD 400- AD 1500)
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Renaissance
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"Rebirth" of culture. Profound culture awakening that led to new ideas. Began in Italy; humanism and individualism.
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Ch 16 Renaissance and Reformation (1400- 1600)
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Reformation
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There were 2 reformations within the church (language and little adjustments)
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Ch 16 Renaissance and Reformation (1400- 1600)
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The New Church of England
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Henry the VIII establishes the New Church of England; King of England serves as the Pope.
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Ch 16 Renaissance and Reformation (1400- 1600)
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The Age of Exploration
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1400's- God, Glory, and God. The mighty Portugal. Vasco de Gama. Portugal was the wealth of the east---> India. Many spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper)
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Ch 16 Renaissance and Reformation (1400- 1600)
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