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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spinning jenny |
James Hargreaves |
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Cotton gin |
Eli Whitney |
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Steam engine |
improved by James Watt |
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• Henry Bessemer |
Bessemer process (steal) |
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Edward Jenner |
developed the smallpox vaccine |
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• Louis Pasteur |
discovered bacteria |
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Factory system |
system of work in which factory owners own the materials, the buildings,and the profits. |
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Industrial Revolution: Impacts |
• Population increased Growth of the middleclass |
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Urbanization |
people move from rural areasto urban areas,resulting in the growthof urban cities |
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Capitalism |
economic and political system in whichtrade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit. |
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Adam Smith |
Wrote The Wealth of Nations which was the earliest work inmodern economics.Outlined free market economics. |
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Capitalism |
Leads to the growth of themiddle clas |
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Communism |
economicsystem in which means ofproduction are owned bythe state and there is socialand economic equality.Opposite of capitalism. |
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Socialism – |
economicsystem based oncooperative ownership ofproduction, with eachworker receiving a share. |
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Das Kapital |
outlinedthe economic laws ofcapitalism |
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The CommunistManifesto |
said thathistory was about classstruggles, said thatcapitalism would bereplaced by socialism,then communism |
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Suffrage – |
– the right tovote |
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Labor Unions |
– group ofworkers organized to protecttheir rights and interests |
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Abolitionism – |
advocating forthe end of slavery |
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Imperialism |
A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
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Colonies |
an area underfull political control ofanother |
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Protectorate – |
a statethat is controlled andprotected by another |
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Spheres of influence |
area which a country haspower to affectdevelopments, though ithas no formal authority |
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OpiumWars |
• British declared war onChina |
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Sepoy Mutiny
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1857 – Rebellionof Indian soldiers employed bythe British East India company,leading to a full scale war forindependence – failed |
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Militarism |
the desirefor a country tomaintain a strongmilitary and beprepared to use it |
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Spark of the war – 1914 |
Assassination ofArchduke FranzFerdinand of AustriaHungary |
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Entene Powers (Allies) – |
(Allies) –United Kingdom, France,and Russia |
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Central Powers |
AustriaHungary,Germany |
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League of Nations
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International cooperativeorganization developedby Woodrow Wilson Established to preventfuture wars |
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Nicolaus Copernicus |
– heliocentrictheory |
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Galileo Galilei |
used telescope tosupport heliocentrictheory |
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Johannes Kepler |
discoveredplanetary motion |
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Isaac Newtown |
Law of gravity |
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William Harvey |
circulation ofblood |
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Leviathan author |
Thomas Hobbes |
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Wrote Two Treatises onGovernment – |
John Locke Said everyone had theright to life, liberty, andproperty. |
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Wrote The Spirit of theLaws |
Montesquieu three typesof powers: executive,judicial, and legislative. |
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Wrote On the SocialContract |
Jean-JacquesRousseau government is acontract between rulersand the people |
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Voltaire |
Religious tolerationshould triumph overreligious fanaticism Separation of churchand state- |
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Johann Sebastian Bach(1685-1750) – Baroque |
wrote musicthat was very ornate |
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Wolfgang AmadeusMozart |
Classical composer –“cleaner,” simpler musicthan that of the baroque |
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wrote DonQuixote first novel in western culture |
Miguel de Cervantes |
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French Revolution: Causes |
Wealthy members of thethird estate (lawyers,doctors, etc) spent lots oftime discussingEnlightenment ideas |
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• Louis XVI took actionsagainst the assembly in July,1789 – setting off riotsaround Paris |
French Revolution: Storming of theBastille
Beginning of the french revolution |
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– makingFrance a constitutionalmonarchy |
“TheDeclaration of theRights of Man and ofCitizen” |
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anyone seen as an enemyof the revolution is killed |
Reign of Terror |
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The Reign of Terrorends when |
Maximilien Robespierreis killed |
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NapoleonBonaparte |
• Ends the French republic,makes it a militarydictatorship/ Overthrows french council |
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set of laws that modernizedEurope. Influenced all around the world |
Napoleonic Code |
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• Toussaint L’Ouverture, |
former slave, became a leaderof the revolution Haiti eneded slavery on the island |
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native Latin American who ledrevolutionary efforts in Northern Latin America / Wanted a united Latin America
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Simon Bolivar |
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Tells Europe to stay out of theAmericas |
Monroe Doctrine |
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Battle ofWaterloo |
• Napoleon is finallydefeated |
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Congress of Vienna – |
after Napoleon was defeated |
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doctrine established tomake countries similarsizes so none became toopowerfu |
Balance of power |
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united NorthernItaly |
• Camillo Benso, Count ofCavour |
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Giuseppe Garibaldi |
used military power to join southern and northern Italy |
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ledPrussia in theunification of Germany |
Otto von Bismarck |
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John Wycliffe
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translated Bible intoEnglish |
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Predestination John Calvin |
it isalready decidedwhether people aresaved or not |
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Christopher Columbus |
Spain • Results in lastingEuropean contact withthe Americas |
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Hernando Cortez |
Conquistador – Spanishor Portuguese soldiersand explorers |
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Hernando Cortez |
Claimed Mexico for the Spanishcrown |
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Francisco Pizarro |
Spanish conquistador |
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Francisco Pizarro |
Conquered the Inca |
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Jacques Cartier |
French explorer whoclaimed Canada forFrance in 1534 Cartier was looking for awestern passage to theIndies |
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Francis Drake |
English privateer |
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Vasco da Gama |
Portuguese explorerwho was the first toreach India by sea |
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Ferdinand Magellan |
Portuguese explorerwho began the firstcircumnavigation of theEarth |
