World History Final Exam

Front 1

What is the meaning of the word Renaissance?

Back 1

Rebirth and Learning

Front 2

Johann Gutenberg

Back 2

Introduced printing to Europe, boosted learning

Front 3

What does Utopia mean?

Back 3

Perfect society

Front 4

What is a Patron?

Back 4

Person who gives financial other support to a person, organization, cause or activity

Front 5

What is the origin of the Renaissance?

Back 5

Humans being thankful for being alive, humanism

Front 6

What does vernacular mean?

Back 6

The dialect of a people

Front 7

List the Renaissance man qualifications

Back 7

A person with many talents or areas of knowledge

Front 8

Leonardo Da Vinci

Back 8

Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Front 9

Michelangelo

Back 9

Painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling, sculpting David and Pieta

Front 10

Why did Martin Luther write the 95 Theses

Back 10

List of questions and propositions for debate related to fixing the Catholic church

Front 11

What was Henry the VIII's main reason for splitting from the Catholic Church

Back 11

Because he wanted to divorce his wife to marry Anne Boleyn, and the Catholic church would not allow this.

Front 12

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 12

It split American lands for Spain and Portugal

Front 13

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 13

Furthered knowledge of geography, mapmaking and navigation. Founded the Atlantic slave trade.

Front 14

What were some technological advances that helped Europeans explore?

Back 14

Navigational instruments, compass, maps, astroglobe

Front 15

Christopher Columbus

Back 15

Found America

Front 16

Francisco Pizarro

Back 16

Discovered the Pacific Ocean for Europeans and conquered the Incas

Front 17

Hernando Cortez

Back 17

Conquered the Aztec empire

Front 18

List the three main reasons the Spanish defeated the Aztecs

Back 18

Disease, advanced weapons, and alliances

Front 19

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 19

Circumnavigated the world - proving the world is round

Front 20

New York was first colonized by the ____________ and was called ______________

Back 20

Netherlands, New Netherland

Front 21

Ivan the Terrible title was ______________ of Russia. He used terror against the ________________

Back 21

Czar, Boyar family

Front 22

Peter the Great

Back 22

Brought Russia Western technologies, making Russia a great European nation

Front 23

Edict of Nantes

Back 23

Henry's succession from the Catholic church, giving Protestants freedom

Front 24

What country in Europe has a Constitutional Monarchy?

Back 24

Great Britain

Front 25

What French leader stated, "I am the State"?

Back 25

Luis XIV

Front 26

Author of the Declaration of Independence

Back 26

Thomas Jefferson

Front 27

What was wrong with the Articles of Condeferation?

Back 27

They gave states more power than the government

Front 28

Define the Scientific Revolution

Back 28

The emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed views of society and nature.

Front 29

Geocentric Theory

Back 29

Earth is the center of the universe

Front 30

Heliocentric Theory

Back 30

Sun is the center of the universe

Front 31

Copernicus

Back 31

He mathematically proved the sun was the center of our universe

Front 32

What were John Locke's three natural rights

Back 32

Life, liberty and property

Front 33

Who stated, "I think therefore I am"?

Back 33

Cogito, ergo sum, René Descartes in his Discourse on Method (1637) as a first step in demonstrating the attainability of certain knowledge.

Front 34

Johannes Kepler

Back 34

German astronomer Johannes Kepler would later prove in the 17th century, planetary orbits are actually elliptical in shape.

Front 35

What was the slogan of the French Revolution

Back 35

Liberty, Equality and Fraternity

Front 36

Why was the storming of the Bastille significant?

Back 36

It was a display of rebellion against the monarchy, the beginning of the French revolution, and also allowed the people to get arms and ammunition.

Front 37

What were Emigres?

Back 37

Someone who left their country to settle in another, usually for political reasons

Front 38

Who was Maxim lien Robespierre and what was "The Reign of Terror"?

Back 38

Creator of the Guillotine, when everyone was having their head chopped off

Front 39

What is the guillotine?

Back 39

Killed people by chopping off their heads

Front 40

Why was the Tennis Court Oath created?

Back 40

Act of defiance by the nonprivileged classes (the Third Estate). Locked out of their meeting hall at Versailles, they moved to a tennis court and took an oath never to separate until a written constitution had been established for France. King Louis XVI relented and ordered the clergy and the nobility to join with the Third Estate in the National Assembly.

Front 41

Who used the Scorched Earth Policy against France? What was it?

Back 41

Russians, a strategy of destroying all useful resources with fire

Front 42

Napoleon was crowned by __________________

Back 42

Pope Pius VII handed Napoleon the crown that the conqueror of Europe placed on his own head.

Front 43

Who was Marie Antoinette and what was her nickname?

Back 43

Queen of France, helped provoke unrest that led to the French Revolution. She became a symbol of the excesses of the monarchy she was beheaded. Madame Deficit

Front 44

What did Louis Napoleon do?

Back 44

French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the 19th century. 1st president of France to be elected by popular vote. Longest serving French head of state since the French Revolution

Front 45

Who emancipated the serfs from Russia?

Back 45

Alexander the Great

Front 46

Who was the Red Shirts leader in southern Italy?

Back 46

Giuseppe Garbaldi

Front 47

Who was Camillo di Cavour?

Back 47

Brought about the unification of Italy (1861) under the House of Savoy, with himself as the first prime minister of the new kingdom.

Front 48

What is a kaiser?

Back 48

The German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.

Front 49

Toussaint L' Ouverture

Back 49

A self-educated slave with no military training, drove Napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to independence.

Front 50

What is a Peninsulare?

Back 50

a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World or the Spanish East Indies, as opposed to those of full Spanish descent born in overseas Spanish possessions

Front 51

What is a Creole?

Back 51

Descendants of French, Spanish, or Portuguese settlers living in the West Indies and Latin America. "Creole" derives from the Portuguese word crioulo, which means a slave born in the master's household.

Front 52

What is a Mestizo?

Back 52

a person of combined European and Amerindian descent, or someone who would have been deemed a Castizo (one European parent and one Mestizo parent)

Front 53

What is a Mulatto?

Back 53

a person of mixed white and black ancestry, especially a person with one white and one black parent

Front 54

Who was known as the "Liberator" and what did he liberate?

Back 54

William Lloyd Garrison, Suffrage

Simon Bolivar, South America

Front 55

The Industrial Revolution began in the country of ______________ in the _____________ industry

Back 55

United Kingdom, Textile

Front 56

What did Samuel Cromption invent?

Back 56

Spinning Mule

Front 57

What did James Hargreaves invent?

Back 57

Spinning Jenny

Front 58

What did Robert Fulton invent?

Back 58

Steamboat

Front 59

What did Edmund Cartwright invent?

Back 59

Power Loom

Front 60

What is suffrage?

Back 60

The right to vote

Front 61

What were the first and second countries to allow women to vote?

Back 61

New Zealand and South Australia

Front 62

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

Back 62

the United States purchased approximately 828,000,000 square miles of territory from France, thereby doubling the size of the young republic. What was known as Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River in the east to the Rocky Mountains in the west and from the Gulf of Mexico in the south to the Canadian border in the north.

Front 63

Alexander Graham Bell

Back 63

Telephone

Front 64

Karl Marx

Back 64

Father of Marxism, Author of Communist Manifesto

Front 65

Utilitarianism

Back 65

The doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or benefit the majority

Front 66

Communism

Back 66

The belief that everything is shared

Front 67

Socialism

Back 67

a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies

Front 68

Henry Ford

Back 68

founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

Front 69

What did Wilber and Orville Write do first?

Back 69

achieved the first powered, sustained and controlled airplane flight; they surpassed their own milestone two years later when they built and flew the first fully practical airplane

Front 70

Why is Suez Canal valuable?

Back 70

Ease of travel for ease of trade and movement

Front 71

What was the Zimmerman Note?

Back 71

Note sent to Mexico from Germany trying to get them to fight America

Front 72

What was Armistice Day and when was it?

Back 72

Commemorates the signing of the armistice between the Allies and Germany at 11 am on 11 November 1918 - the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. Although hostilities continued in some areas, the armistice essentially brought an end to World War I.

Front 73

What region was known as the Powder Keg of Europe?

Back 73

The Balkans

Front 74

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Back 74

Quick invasion of France followed by an invasion of Russia - led to the British declaring war on Germany

Front 75

Describe trench warfare

Back 75

Trench life

Front 76

What were the effects of poison gas?

Back 76

Mustard gas blistered the skin, capable of soaking through material onto skin, caused respiratory problems and pneumonia, impede the ability of blood to absorb oxygen making the body quickly shut down. Nerve gases attack the body’s nervous system. The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, muscular twitching, convulsions, cessation of breathing and death.

Front 77

Who signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and why?

Back 77

Russia and the Central Powers for Russia to surrender

Front 78

What was the League of Nations

Back 78

Band of a few nations to make sure no one went to war, but they had no military or power, so it didn't really work

Front 79

What was the Gallipoli Campaign and did it work?

Back 79

Attempt to get Russia supplies, no

Front 80

Who resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in WWI and why?

Back 80

Germany to defeat Britain

Front 81

What were kamikazes

Back 81

Japanese suicide planes

Front 82

What is blitzkrieg?

Back 82

war where mobile forces go then troops go saving countless lives

Front 83

Who is FDR?

Back 83

Franklyn Delenar Roosevelt, drug ameria out of great depression

Front 84

What country did Stalin rule?

Back 84

Russia

Front 85

Who were the Axis Powers?

Back 85

Germany Italy Japan

Front 86

Who were the Allies in WWII?

Back 86

France Russia Italy USA

Front 87

What country did Benito Mussolini rule?

Back 87

Italy

Front 88

What happened to Kristallnacht?

Back 88

Jews were attacked all through Germany on 1938

Front 89

What occurred on September 1, 1939?

Back 89

outbreak of WW2

Front 90

What involvement did Dwight D. Eisenhower have in WWII?

Back 90

commanded D day invasion

Front 91

What was D-Day and what did it stand for?

Back 91

military operation begins

Front 92

What happened at Dunkirk during WWII?

Back 92

the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and other Allied troops from the French seaport of Dunkirk (Dunkerque) to England. Naval vessels and hundreds of civilian boats were used in the evacuation, which began on May 26.

Front 93

Who was the Desert Fox?

Back 93

Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944), popularly known as the Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs, listen (help. info)), was a German field marshal of World War II. He earned the respect of both his own troops and his enemies.

Front 94

Describe the Holocaust

Back 94

extermination of Jews

Front 95

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg Trials?

Back 95

Held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice

Front 96

What was the Final Solution?

Back 96

inturnment camps for jews

Front 97

What part did President Truman play in WWII?

Back 97

Truman served as president of the United States and, therefore, Commander in Chief of the United States military during the final months of World War II. Under his command, the U.S. dropped two atomic bombs—the first to be used in warfare—on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, effectively ending the war. For many Americans, Truman's legacy as the nation's leader centers on these controversial decisions.

Front 98

Why are the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki significant?

Back 98

They were bombed with atom bombs

Front 99

Why was the Battle of the Bulge significant?

Back 99

On this day, the Germans launch the last major offensive of the war, Operation Mist, also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Battle of the Bulge, an attempt to push the Allied front line west from northern France to northwestern Belgium.

Front 100

What is VE Day?

Back 100

the day (May 8) marking the Allied victory in Europe in 1945.

Front 101

What is VJ Day?

Back 101

the day (August 15) in 1945 on which Japan ceased fighting in World War II, or the day (September 2) when Japan formally surrendered.

Front 102

What happened on Dec 7, 1941?

Back 102

pearl harbor

Front 103

Who was Rosie the Riveter

Back 103

A cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II, many of whom produced munitions and war supplies

Front 104

Who was the Enola Gay?

Back 104

The Enola Gay is a Boeing B-29 Super-fortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb.

Front 105

Who fought on the Eastern Front in WWI and II?

Back 105

Germany, Russia,

Front 106

Who fought on the Western Front in WWI and II?

Back 106

Britain, France, Germany

Front 107

What were ghettos

Back 107

housing for Jews

Front 108

What is genocide

Back 108

extinction of a race

Front 109

why was the battle of Stalingrad significant

Back 109

On February 2, 1943, General Paulus surrendered what remained of his army-some 91,000 men. About 150,000 Germans had died in the fighting. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a great humiliation for Hitler, who had elevated the battle's importance in German opinion.

Front 110

why was the battle of El Alamein significant

Back 110

The Battle of El Alamein marked the culmination of the World War II. Deploying a far larger contingent of soldiers and tanks than the opposition, British commander Bernard Law Montgomery launched an infantry attack at El Alamein on Oct. 23, 1942.

Front 111

what is mercantilism

Back 111

Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Front 112

what were factory conditions like in early factories

Back 112

dirty, unsafe, smelly, hot

Front 113

what was a samurai

Back 113

Japanese sword master

Front 114

what were the three Gs of European exploration

Back 114

God, Glory, Gold

Front 115

what groups of people made up the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd estates in France

Back 115

Clergy, government, peasants

Front 116

what European city was the center of the enlightenment

Back 116

Paris

Front 117

what was Australia first used for

Back 117

Criminals

Front 118

Oliver Cromwell

Back 118

A member of the lesser gentry who later became a leading figure in the English Civil War and in the non-monarchic government that replaced the regime of the beheaded King Charles I. He was Lord Protector of England from 1653 until his death in September 1658.

Front 119

What was the cargo on the ships during the middle passage of the triangle trade network

Back 119

slaves

Front 120

Henry Hudson

Back 120

In 1607, the Muscovy Company of London provided Hudson financial backing based on his claims that he could find an ice-free passage past the North Pole that would provide a shorter route to the rich markets and resources of Asia. Hudson sailed that spring with his son John and 10 companions.

Front 121

why was French explorer LaSalle significant

Back 121

explored America discovering great lakes

Front 122

what does the word Anabaptist mean what do they believe

Back 122

a Protestant sectarian of a radical movement arising in the 16th century and advocating the baptism and church membership of adult believers only, nonresistance, and the separation of church and state.

Front 123

define humanism

Back 123

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

Front 124

why is the settlement Jamestown significant

Back 124

first successful city

Front 125

who first settled in the city of Plymouth

Back 125

England

Front 126

describe the battle of coral sea and its significant

Back 126

This four-day World War II skirmish in May 1942 marked the first air-sea battle in history. The Japanese were seeking to control the Coral Sea with an invasion of Port Moresby in southeast New Guinea, but their plans were intercepted by Allied forces.

Front 127

what occurred in the Bataan death march

Back 127

After the April 9, 1942, U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), the approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65-mile march to prison camps.

Front 128

who settled first in the city of Boston

Back 128

Puritans