World History Davidoff Tri 3 Exam

Front 1

1. What is feudalism

Back 1

A system in which nobles own land and defend their land from other noble landowners

Front 2

1. What is a fief

Back 2

A fief is land given to a person

Front 3

What is a vassal

Back 3

A vassal is the person that recieves land, or a fief

Front 4

primogeniture

Back 4

Act of passing property to firstborn son

Front 5

excommunicate

Back 5

Act by church of expelling or banishing a person from being a member at the church

Front 6

Who were allowed to be members of the regular clergy

Back 6

Consisted of monks and (unofficially) nuns

Front 7

Who were the members of the secular clergy

Back 7

Priests and deacons (church hiearchy)

Front 8

What were the crusades?

Back 8

Holy war against muslims to reclaim the land now known as Israel

Front 9

Plague

Back 9

Widespread disease that killed off much of the European population during the middle ages

Front 10

Heretic

Back 10

Someone who challenged the beliefs or rulings of the church

Front 11

13. What was the role of the church in the Middle Ages?

Back 11

feudal landowners, set the guidelines and standards for many people to follow. In most cases, the church's word was final.

Front 12

14. How did the Crusades change Europe?

Back 12

Many of the knights left for the crusades, leaving the nobles with no one to reinforce their power. As the nobles lost power and control, Kings gained more, bringing Europe under more unified control.

Front 13

15. Give two reasons a man might join the Crusades.

Back 13

To prove himself worthy of becoming a knight or in hopes of establishing himself as a wealthy landowner in the holy land

Front 14

16. Why did a manor need to be self-sufficient?

Back 14

Nobles needed to stay on their property to defend their land. In order to do this, a manor had to have everything a noble and his company needed to stay on the land.

Front 15

18. Why was the feudal system needed in Medieval Europe?

Back 15

If the feudal system hadn't occurred society would've shaped in a much different manner.

Front 16

Renaissance

Back 16

Period of "rebirth" of the arts

Front 17

Humanism

Back 17

Focus on nature, knowledge, and reality reflected in art, literature, music, and theatre

Front 18

Petrarch

Back 18

Italian scholar, early humanist

Front 19

Leonardo da Vinci

Back 19

Italian artist, early humanist, painter of the Mona Lisa

Front 20

Michelangelo

Back 20

Italian artist, sculptor

Front 21

Raphael

Back 21

Italian painter and architect

Front 22

Rembrandt

Back 22

Dutch painter and etcher

Front 23

Dante

Back 23

Italian poet, prose writer, literary theorist, moral philosopher, and political thinker; best known for Commedia

Front 24

Chaucer

Back 24

English poet, first poet to be buried in "poet's corner" of Westminster Abbey

Front 25

Cervantes

Back 25

Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright

Front 26

Shakespeare

Back 26

English Playwright, famous for many plays including "Macbeth" and "Romeo and Juliet"

Front 27

Gutenberg

Back 27

German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe. Most known for his work "The Gutenberg Bible"

Front 28

Anglican Church/Church of England

Back 28

Church started by Henry VIII after he passed laws in parliament giving himself more power

Front 29

Martin Luther

Back 29

Instigated the reformation and led the Protestant movement

Front 30

Why is John Calvin important?

Back 30

Led the Protestant movement in Switzerland

Front 31

Henry VIII

Back 31

Founded the Anglican church essentially because he wanted a divorce

Front 32

Indulgences

Back 32

The sale of church positions

Front 33

. Explain 3 main beliefs of Humanism. How can each be seen in art?

Back 33

Nature, reality, and knowledge. Human emotions, philosophical lessons and metaphors, beautiful natural scenery, and everyday life events could be seen in nearly all works of art from the renaissance.

Front 34

. Name three causes of the Reformation.

Back 34

Corruption in the church, internal power struggles within the church, and a lack of faith due to the church's inability to cure the plague or provide answers

Front 35

What role did the printing press play in the Renaissance and the reformation?

Back 35

It quickly spread information, and let protestant ideas efficiently spread throughout Europe.

Front 36

List three results of the reformation.

Back 36

The church cracked down on corruption, Protestantism became a serious contender in the global religious struggle, wars broke out between Catholics and Protestants.

Front 37

What was the counter-reformation?

Back 37

The counter-reformation was the acts taken by the church as an answer to the corruption and cries of the people. The church made an effort to correct and prevent corruption, and fixed its image with the people.