World History Chapter Units 4-6

Front 1

Domestic System

Back 1

Early industrial labor system i which workers produced gooods at home.

Front 2

Enclosure Movement

Back 2

Large landowners gradually fence and include public and private common lands in their own estates.

Front 3

Capital

Back 3

Money available to invest in business.

Front 4

Entrepreneur

Back 4

Person who undertakes risks to establish a business.

Front 5

Factory System

Back 5

Method of production in which goods are made by workers and machines in one location (a factory) outside their homes.

Front 6

Industrial Capitalism

Back 6

Economic system in which individuals continually reinvest profits and epand heir businesses.

Front 7

Interchangeable parts

Back 7

Production method using identical, easy-to-assemble parts.

Front 8

Division of Labor

Back 8

Production techinique in which each worker does one specialized task.

Front 9

Laissez-Faire

Back 9

Ecoomic principle that government should not regulate businesses.

Front 10

Utilitarianism

Back 10

economic philosophy, developed by Jeremy Benthem, that social and political actions should be useful and helpful to humanity.

Front 11

Socialism

Back 11

Political Theory that society as a whole shoud control the means of production, such as factories and land.

Front 12

Proletariat

Back 12

Marxist theory the working class.

Front 13

Communism

Back 13

In the Thoerie of Marx and Engels, a society without class distinctions or private property.

Front 14

Coup d'état

Back 14

Sudden overthrow of government leaders by a small group.

Front 15

Nationalism

Back 15

Pride in one's own nation: desire for independence.

Front 16

Realpolitik

Back 16

Politcal theory that national success justifies the use of any means.

Front 17

Militarism

Back 17

National policy based on military strength and glorification of war.

Front 18

Papal Infallibility

Back 18

Roman catholic doctrine that the pope cannot make an error in speaking about faith and morals

Front 19

Autocracy

Back 19

Government ruled by one person with unlimited authority.

Front 20

Provisional Government

Back 20

A temporary government set up while waiting for for elections.

Front 21

Totalitarianism

Back 21

Idea that a dictatorial government should control all aspects of citizens' lives.

Front 22

Fascism

Back 22

Politcal Philosophy based on nationalism and an all-powerful state.

Front 23

Jingoism

Back 23

Attitude of extreme patriotism, usually directed toward a foreign power.

Front 24

Imperialism

Back 24

Policy of building a empire.

Front 25

Nationalization

Back 25

Placing a privately owned business under government control.

Front 26

Sphere of influence

Back 26

Area in a country where a foreign power has exclusive rights to trade or invest.

Front 27

Conscription

Back 27

Compulsory call to military service; the draft.

Front 28

Dictatorship of the proletariat

Back 28

In the former Soviet Union, theoretical control of the state by the working class.

Front 29

Entente

Back 29

An Agreement, but not formal alliance, bethween nations.

Front 30

War of Attrition

Back 30

Conflict in which each side tries to win by wearing down the other side.

Front 31

Collectivization

Back 31

Under Stalin, a system to combine land into large farms owned by the government and worked by peasants.

Front 32

Social Realism

Back 32

Under Stalin, an artistic style that glorified the Soviet way of life.

Front 33

Self-Determination

Back 33

The right of a people to decide their own political status or government.

Front 34

Civil-disobedience

Back 34

Nonviolent refusal to obey a law or practice thought unjust.

Front 35

Holocaust

Back 35

Name given to the Nazis' mass murder of European Jews in WWII.

Front 36

D-Day

Back 36

The Day of the Allied invasion of Normandy France (June 6, 1944).

Front 37

Adam Smith

Back 37

Industrial Leader, Scottish economist who set down the workings of Laissez-Faire economy. wrote wealth of Nations. Stated that an economy works best with Competition.

Front 38

Jeremy Behtham

Back 38

British Philosopher, Promoted Utilitarianism, Idea that society should work for the "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of citizens.

Front 39

Karl Marx

Back 39

German Lawyer, Stated that "class struggle" was what pushted history forward. Promoted
communism.

Front 40

Lenin

Back 40

Lead Bolsheviks, believed that a small party of professional revolutionaries could force to bring about a socialist society in the near future. he did this.

Front 41

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Back 41

Leader Indian Nationalist. Led protest agianst racial discrimination in South Africa. was a pacifist. used protest methods based on civil disobedience.