World History Chapter 2 Vocab.

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Iron age

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Historian's term for the period during which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons. The advent of iron technology began at different times in different parts of the world.

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Hittites

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A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the late Bronze age. With wealth from trade in metal and military power based on chariot forces, Hittiles vied with New Kingdom Egypt for Control of Syria-Palestine before failing to unidentified attackers around 1200 B.C.E.

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Hatshepasut

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Queen of Egypt(1473-1458 B.C.E.) She dispatched a naval expedition to punt (possibly northeast Sudan or Eritrea), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a women ruler, and after here death her name and image were frequently defaced.

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Akenaten

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Egyptian pharaoh (1353-1335 B.C.E.). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk.

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Ramesses II

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A long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (1290 -1224 B.C.E.). He reached an accommodation with the Hittites of Anatolia after a standoff in battle at Kadesh in Syria. He built on grand scale throughout Egypt.

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Minoan

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Prosperous civilian on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E.. The Minoans engaged in far-fling commerce around the Mediterranean and exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks.

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Mycenae

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Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a late Bronze Kingdom. In ancient epic poems, Mycenae was the base of King Agamemnon, who commanded the Greeks besieging Troy. Contemporary archaeologists call the complex Greek society of the second millennium V,C.E. "Mycenaean.

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shaft graves

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A term used for burial sites of elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mild-second millennium B.C.E.. At the bottom of deep shafts lined with stone slabs, the bodies were laid out along with gold and bronze jewelry, implements, weapons and masks.

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Linear B

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A set of syllabic, symbols, derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete, used in the Mycenaean palaces of the late Bronze Age to write an early form of Greek. It was used primarily for palace records, and the surviving Linear B tablets provide substantial information about the economic organization of Mycenaean society and tantalizing clues about political, social and religious.

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Noe-Assyrian Emprie

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An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine, conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries B.C.E. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subject. They also preserved and continued the cultural and scientific developments of Mesopotamian civilization.

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Mass deportation

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The forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire population. The mass deportations practiced by the Assyrian and Persian Empires were meant as a terrifying warning of the consequences of rebellion. They also brought skilled and unskilled labor to the imperial center.

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Library of Ashurbanipal

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A Large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious, and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia. It was assembled by the seventh century B.C.E. Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal. The many tablets unearthed by archaeologists constitute one of the most important sources of present day knowledge of the long literary tradition of Mesopotamia.

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Israel

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In antiquity, the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the Israelites from the early second millennium B.C.E. The modern State of Israel was founded in 1948.

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Hebrew Bible

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A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. Most of the extant text was complied by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C.E. and reflected the concerns and views of this group.

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First Temple

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A monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon in the tenth century B.C.E. to be the religious center for the Israelite god Yahweh. The temple priesthood conducted sacrifices, received a tithe or percentage of agricultural revenues, and became economically and politically powerful.

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monotheism

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The belief in the existence of a single divine entity. Some scholars cite the devotion of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten to Aten (Sun-Disk) and his suppression of traditional gods as the earliest instance. The Israelite worship of Yahweh developed into an exclusive belief in one god and this concept passed into Christianity and Islam.

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Diasporra

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Greek word meaning "Dispersal" used to describe the communities of a given ethic group living outside their homeland. Jews, for example, spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean Islands in antiquity and today can be found around the world.

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Phoenicians

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Canaanites living on the coast modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, Phoenician merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, engaged in widespread commerce and founded Carthage and other colonies in the western Mediterranean.

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Carhage

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The city located in present day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians around 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E.

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Neo-Babylonian Kingdom

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Under the Chaldaeans (nomadic kinship group that settled in southern Mesopotamia in the early first millennium B.C.E.) Babylon again became a major political and cultural center in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. After participating in the destruction of Assyrian power, the monarchs Nabopolassar and Nebuchdnezzer took over the southern portion of the Assyrian domains.