World History Ch. 3

Front 1

Anthropomorphic

Back 1

having human forms or attributes

Front 2

olympiad

Back 2

4 year period between Olympic games; ancient Greek means of dating historical events

Front 3

polis

Back 3

city-state, basic political unit of Greece

Front 4

monarchy

Back 4

rule by one

Front 5

oligarchy

Back 5

rule by a few

Front 6

tyranny

Back 6

government headed by a tyrant who gained complete control of it

Front 7

democracy

Back 7

rule by the people

Front 8

archon

Back 8

chief magistrate of the Athenian council of nobles

Front 9

anarchy

Back 9

the breakdown of government

Front 10

philosophers

Back 10

men who sought the answers to the basic questions of life through human reasoning ability

Front 11

Minoan Civilization

Back 11

an early civilization in the Aegean region based on the island of Crete

Front 12

Mycenaean Civilization

Back 12

early Greek civilization on the mainland of Greece

Front 13

Iliad

Back 13

an epic poem of the Greek Dark Ages written by Homer

Front 14

Odyssey

Back 14

an epic poem of the Greek Dark Ages written by Homer

Front 15

Homer

Back 15

Greek poet

Front 16

Thales of Miletus

Back 16

philosophy, tried to explain the universe in natural terms, water is the original substance of all things

Front 17

Socrates

Back 17

philosophy, "know thyself", the unexamined life is not worth living, socratic method of teaching (answering a question with a question), truth obtained by reason, reason should produce good behavior, forced to drink poison for questioning the fundamentals of Athens

Front 18

Plato

Back 18

philosophy, student of Socrates, started a school in Athens, true reality lies outside the natural world, things on earth are shadows of their eternal counterparts

Front 19

Aristotle

Back 19

philosophy, student of Plato, reality is in the physical world, syllogism- a way of reasoning logic

Front 20

Epicurus

Back 20

philosophy, founder of the Epicurians, happiness and pleasure can be achieved through avoiding pain and fear

Front 21

Zeno

Back 21

philosophy, founder of the stoics, universe operates under fixed laws, man must accept fate and live a life of duty and self-control

Front 22

Pythagoras

Back 22

math, the universe can be explained in mathematic terms, pythagorean theorem

Front 23

Hippocrates

Back 23

medicine, father of medicine, every illness has a natural cause and cure, hippocratic oath

Front 24

Euclid

Back 24

math, father of geometry, school of geometry in Alexandria, Egypt

Front 25

Eratosthenes

Back 25

astronomy and geography, latitude and longitude, measured the Earth using geometry, knew the earth was round

Front 26

Herodotus

Back 26

history, father of history, history of Persian wars

Front 27

Thucydides

Back 27

history, history of Peloponnesian war

Front 28

Sophocles

Back 28

drama, writer of tragedies

Front 29

Archimedes

Back 29

math, principle of the lever

Front 30

Aristophanes

Back 30

drama, writer of comedies

Front 31

Zeus

Back 31

king of the Greek gods

Front 32

Athena

Back 32

daughter of Zeus, goddess of wisdom, war and weaving

Front 33

Peloponnesian League

Back 33

a league of Greek city-states led by Sparta with the intention of thwarting the goals of Athenian democracy

Front 34

Peloponnesian War

Back 34

Greek civil war between Athens and Sparta

Front 35

Delian League

Back 35

defensive alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens against the Persians

Front 36

parthenon

Back 36

most spectacular temple in Athens, dedicated to Athena

Front 37

Solon

Back 37

Athenian archon, Athens took a step toward democracy, economic and political stability

Front 38

Darius I

Back 38

Persian king during the Persian wars

Front 39

Xerxes

Back 39

Darius' son, carried out his fathers plan of invading Greece

Front 40

Pericles

Back 40

Athenian leader who brought Athens to its cultural height

Front 41

Philip II

Back 41

Macedonian king who united the empire and and extended it into Greece

Front 42

Alexander the Great

Back 42

tutored by Aristotle, extended the Macedonian empire to its height

Front 43

Darius III

Back 43

leader of the Persian Army, defeated by Alexander the Great

Front 44

Doric

Back 44

Greek architecture with solid, strong, masculine-looking features

Front 45

Ionic

Back 45

Greek architecture, with its splendor and graceful elements, scroll like top

Front 46

Corinthian

Back 46

Greek architecture, richly carved and ornately designed top

Front 47

Battle of Marathon

Back 47

1st battle of Persian Wars, Persians under Darius I invaded Greece, Persia outnumbered but were defeated

Front 48

Battle of Thermopylae

Back 48

2nd battle of Persian Wars, Xerxes (Darius' son) goes back to get revenge, mountain pass, Athenians and Spartans fought together for the Greeks but were still outnumbered, a Greek traitor told the Persians how to attack Greeks from behind

Front 49

Battle of Salamis Bay

Back 49

3rd Battle of Persian Wars, Xerxes captures Athens, Athenian fleet of ships lures the Persians to fight in a narrow pass, Greek ships were small and could move easily, Persian ships were huge and caused a traffic jam, Greeks won

Front 50

Troy

Back 50

Trojan War

Front 51

Crete

Back 51

Greek island, Minoan civilization

Front 52

Hellespont

Back 52

the strait that separates Asia Minor from Europe

Front 53

Mount Olympus

Back 53

where the Greek god lived

Front 54

Sparta

Back 54

Greek city state, fierce, army focused, Athenian rival

Front 55

Athens

Back 55

Greek city state, art and philosophically focused, Spartan rival