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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lief Eriksson
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Norwegian explorer, son of Erik the Red, was first European to explore the Americas.
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Henry the Navigator
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King of Portugal who established a school of navigation and financed trips of exploration.
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astrolabe
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a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars
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caravels
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ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind, and had rudders to improve steering
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Christopher Columbus
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(1451–1506) Italian explorer, he was convinced that he could reach Asia by sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean. He gained the support of Spain’s monarchs and commanded a small fleet that reached the so called New World, setting off a tide of European exploration of the area.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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(1480–1521) Portuguese captain of a Spanish fleet that sought a western route to Asia via the "Southern Ocean", he found a passage through South America, now known as the Strait of Magellan, but died during the expedition. His crew of 18 people with one remaining ship successfully circumnavigated the world.
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circumnavigate
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go all the way around, the globe
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Columbian Exchange
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the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
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Line of Demarcation
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imaginary line dividing the Atlantic Ocean so that Spain cound claim everything on the west
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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treaty which moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west.
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conquistadors
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soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
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Hernán Cortes
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(1485–1547) Spanish conquistador, he conquered Mexico and brought about the fall of the Aztec Empire.
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Moctezuma II
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(1466–1520) Emperor of Mexico’s Aztec Empire, he welcomed explorer Cortés as a god but was taken prisoner by him. He was later killed, and the Aztec capital was destroyed during the following Aztec uprising.
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Francisco Pizarro
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(c. 1475–1541) Spanish conquistador who sailed with Balboa on the discovery of the Pacific Ocean, he later pursued rumors of golden cities in the Andes Mountains of South America and conquered the Inca Empire.
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encomienda system
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It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity.
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plantations
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large farms that grew just one kind of crop.
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Bartolomé de Las Casas
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(1474–1566) Spanish missionary and historian, he became the first ordained Catholic priest in the New World and advocated for the welfare and protection of Native Americans as well as preached against the slavery system.
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Protestant Reformation
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a religious movement begun by Martin Luther and others in 1517 to reform the Catholic Church
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Protestants
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reformers who protested certain practices of the Catholic Church
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Spanish Armada
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a large Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588
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Northwest Passage
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a nonexistent path through North America that early explorers searched for that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
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Jacques Cartier
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(1491–1557) French sailor and explorer, he made three voyages to Canada for Francis I.
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charter
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an official document that gives a person the right to establish a colony
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Immune
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having a natural resistance
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Plantation agriculture
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was a mainstay of the colonial economic structure.
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Middle Passage
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a voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
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structure
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the way something is set up or organized
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African Diaspora
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(A diaspora is the scattering of a people.) Enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World.
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