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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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form of government that placed unlimited power in the monarch and his or her advisers
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absolutism
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the political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God and are responsible to God alone for their actions
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divine right
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fleet of warships organized to carry out a mission
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armada
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an abnormal increase in currency resulting in sharp price rises
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inflation
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son of Charles V; tried to end Protestantism; the Prudent King; most powerful monardh in Spanish history
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Phillip II
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Jews who had converted to Christianity
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the Marranos
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Muslims who had become Christians
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the Moriscos
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last of the Spanish Hapsburgs to rule Spain; no children, no heirs to the throne
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Charles II
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granite palace built by Phillip II which served as royal court, art gallery, monastery and tomb for Spanish royalty
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El Escorial
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located in Castile, it became the capital
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Madrid
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Spanish autheor who wrote Don Quixote, a novel about a landowner who imagines himself a knight
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Cervantes
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so thorough that Protestantism never took hold in Spain
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Inquisition
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the elaborate public rituals of sentencing usually followed by executions
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autos da fe
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ended Phillip II's plan to invade England
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defeat of the Spanish Armada
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What four areas were ruled by the Spanish Hapsburgs?
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Spain, southern Italy, Scicily, the Netherlands
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middle group in Engish society; lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, and clergy
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gentry
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lowest social rank in England; farmers with small landholdings, and laborers
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yeoman
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the system in which each nation helps to keep peace and order by maintaining power that is equal, to or in balandce with, rival nations
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balance of power
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first Tudor monarch; became King in 1485 after the War of the Roses
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Henry VII
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second Tudor king; most powerful of all Tudor monarchs; married six times trying to get a son; broke with the Catholic church
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Henry VIII
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son of Henry Viii; became king at 9 years of age; died at a young age
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Edward VI
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became Queen when Edward died; pushed Catholicism; "Bloody Mary;" died childless; married Phillip I of SPain
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Mary
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became Queen when Mary died; on of England's great cultural periods; last of the Tudor dynasty
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Elizabeth I
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famous playwright during Elizabeth I's reign
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William Shakespeare
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founded the Stuart dynasty and united Scotland and ENgland under one ruler
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James I
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made local areas in England responsibile for their own homeless and unemployed
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The Poor Laws
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In England it declare work to be a social and moral duty
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Statute of Apprentices
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theater in LOndon where many of William Sghakespeare's plays were performed
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Globe Theater
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Name two Englaish dynasties
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Tudor and Stuart
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What foreing policy strategy did England develop under Elizabeth I's reign?
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a balance of power with European nations
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allowed Protestant worship to continue in areas where the Protestants were a majority, but barred Protestant worship in Paris and other Catholic strongholds
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Edict of Nantes
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an agent representing the king of France in local government
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intendant
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founded the Bourbon Dynasty
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Henry IV
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Louis XIII gave him complete control of the government; he set out to build an absolute monarchy in France; sought to take away the poower of the nobles and the Huguenots
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Cardinal Richelieu
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the most powerful Bourbon monarch; 72 year reign - longest in European history
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Louis XIV
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new huge palace outside of Paris where Louis XIV moverd his court and government
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Versailles
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Bourbon Dynasty
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French dynasty
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name given to Frances's Protestants
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Huguenots
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series of uprisings by nobles and peasants in France
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the Fronde
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reached at the end of the War of Spanish Succession; France and Spain would never be united under one crown
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Treaty of Utrecht
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royal decree having the force of law
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pragmatic sanction
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end of the Thirty Years' War - confirmed the division of central Europe into Roman Catholic and Protestant territories
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Peace of Wesphalia
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began his rule by curtailing the freedom of Bohemian Protestants (Czechs)- led to the Czech Revolt
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Ferdinand of Styria
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flower that became popular during the Thirty Years' War
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tulips
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tensiosn between Europes' Catholics and Protestant s that led to continued conflict
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Thirty Years' War
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23 yr old Autrian who inherited throne from her father Charles VI; women not allowed - pragmatic sanction - she strengthend the Austrian centyral gov't
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Maria Theresa
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Prussia - great Hohenzollern monarch Frederick William -
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Great Elector
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created in Brandenberg-Prussia a permaanent standing army
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Frederick William
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nobles in Prussia
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Junkers
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world-wide conflict in which France and England(Great Britain) competed for overseas territory
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Seven Years' War
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land-owning Russian noble
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boyar
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new class of nobles created by Peter the Great who were allowed to own hereditary, landed estates
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dvorianie
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peasant laborers who worked the estates and were bound to the land
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serfs
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Russia - the "Terrible" the "Awesome" - he was at once learned, religious and cruel
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Ivan IV
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Ivan IV's secret police force who terrorized the country
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oprichniki
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Romanov Dynasty
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Russian Dynasty
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vast stretch of land east of European Russia
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Siberia
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Peter the Great - sought to bring Russia into the mainstream of European civilization
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Peter I
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Russia's "window to the west"
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St. Petersburg
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a successful foreign policy earned her the name Great in Russia - last of the great absolute monarchs of the 1700s
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Catherine II
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