History Ch. 19 Vocabulary

Front 1

Bartolomeu Dias

Back 1

Bartolomeu was an early Portuguese explorer. He wanted to spread Christianity and grow rich all by exploring new lands.

Hint 1

Significance: Dias was one of the first Portuguese explorers to set out to grow rich and spread Christianity. He combined with other European explores to trade and convert—two methods of cultural blending. He was also the first to round the southern tip of Africa, opening the gate to heavy Indian sea trade

Front 2

Prince Henry

Back 2

Henry was the son of Portugal’s king. He was an exploration enthusiast.

Hint 2

Significance: Prince Henry heavily supported exploration, and his influence caused a lot of cultural blending throughout Africa and other lands.

Front 3

Vasco de Gama

Back 3

Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer who explored India in 1448

Hint 3

Significance: Da Gama was the first European to sail to India around Africa. De Gama brought back many spices and jewels, which eventually caused cultural blending through trade.

Front 4

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 4

The Treaty of Tordesillas was a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the East would belong to Portugal.

Hint 4

Significance: This treaty prevented war from breaking out between Spain and Portugal and it gave them time to begin a huge time period of colonization and exploration. All of this land that was explored by these countries still has its origin’s cultural influences today.

Front 5

Dutch East India Company

Back 5

The Dutch East India Company was a company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish a direct trade route through Asia

Hint 5

Caused cultural blending through trade in India

Front 6

Ming Dynasty

Back 6

The Ming Dynasty was a Chinese Dynasty that ruled from 1368-1644

Hint 6

Significance: Under Ming rule, China became the dominant power in region. Other nations began giving tribute to China, which causes cultural blending. China also flourished politically and culturally.

Front 7

Hongwu

Back 7

Hongwu was the son of a peasant who rallied up a rebel army and drove the Mongols out of China.

Hint 7

Significance: Started the Ming Dynasty, one of the two large dynasties of China. He improved the irrigation which increased rice production. Introduced farm fishing, sugar cane and cotton.

Front 8

Yonglo

Back 8

Yonglo was the son of Hongwu who started the voyages for exploration.

Hint 8

Significance: Started Chinese era of exploration. These explorations brought a lot of profit and cultural blending through tribute. China also increased knowledge of the outside world.

Front 9

Zheng He

Back 9

Zheng He was a Chinese Muslim admiral who led all seven of China’s exploration voyages.

Hint 9

Significance: The voyages he set out on drew people to China with their tribute, which in turn caused cultural blending in China

Front 10

Manchus

Back 10

The Manchus were a people, native to Manchuria, who ruled China during the Qing Dynasty

Hint 10

Significance: The Manchus created the second great dynasty in China. Under them, China flourished in its self-sufficient isolation.

Front 11

Qing Dynasty

Back 11

The Qing Dynasty was China’s last dynasty who ruled from 1644-1912

Hint 11

Significance: This dynasty put China in its isolation from the rest of the world. This is one reason why China is not that culturally diverse nowadays

Front 12

Kangxi

Back 12

Kangxi became the Emperor of China, and he lowered government expenses and taxes.

Hint 12

Significance: He helped the Chinese people accept the rule of the Manchus and stop the rebellion flares by visiting around to many villages. He was also a cultured man—he was a patron of the arts and liked to have Jesuits in his court to inform him on the latest technologies.

Front 13

Daimyo

Back 13

A daimyo is a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai.

Hint 13

Significance: The Daimyo held much power in Japan. The emperor had no political power, and that was because of all of these Daimyo had combined to make a feudalism system. They were one of the obstacles Japan had to face in order to unite itself

Front 14

Oda Nobunaga

Back 14

Nobunaga was a brutal daimyo who seized Japan’s imperial capital, Kyoto in 1568.

Hint 14

Significance: Nobunaga was the first person to use guns effectively in Japan.

Front 15

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Back 15

Hideyoshi was Nobunaga’s best general who wanted to destroy all hostile daimyo.

Hint 15

Significance: Hideyoshi came very close to conquering Japan entirely. He also invaded Korea, but did not succeed there.

Front 16

Tokugawa Shogunate

Back 16

The Tokugawa Shogunate was a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603-1867.

Hint 16

Significance: These shogun ruled a newly unified Japan until 1867

Front 17

Kabuki

Back 17

Kabuki was a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories

Hint 17

Significance: This type of theater was part of Japan’s culture and it still exists today.

Front 18

Haiku

Back 18

Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables.

Hint 18

Significance: This Japanese form of poetry was widely known in Japan’s culture. This type of poetry is still written today.