Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Australian treatment of aborigines –
|
The first humans arrived in Australia 50,000 to 60,000 years ago. These aborigines established settlements throughout the continent. for many decades discrimination against the aborigines was commonplace the aborigines were denied adequate education and economic opportunities. Aborigines still suffer from this legacy education and economic discrimination The practice of discrimination against aborigines has been eliminated. In the 1990s Aboriginal tribes began to win a number of landmark court cases that enabled them to reclaim vast stretches of territory that were unjustly taken from them. The nation of Australia is greatly divided over the best methods to provide fairness and justice to the aborigines and existing, mining, agricultural or other interests presently in use of much of the land As well as the developed urban areas
|
|
|
Great Barrier Reef
|
The northeast coast of Australia is home to the Great Barrier Reef, The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world. The reef actually consists of some 2,100 individual reefs and some 800 fringing reefs (formed around islands or bordering coastlines). Many are dry or barely awash at low tide; some have islands of coral sand, or cays; others fringe high islands or the mainland coast. In spite of this variety, the reefs share a common origin: each has been formed, over millions of years, from the skeletons and skeletal waste of a mass of living marine organisms.
|
|
|
New Zealand Maori
|
New Zealand aboriginal people are known as the Maori. Their traditional history describes their origins in terms of waves of migration that culminated in the arrival of a “great fleet” in the 14th century from Hawaiki, a mythical land usually identified as Tahiti. This historical account provides the basis for traditional Maori social organization and is generally supported by archaeological discoveries, which have dated Maori arrival in New Zealand to about 1300 ce.
|
|
|
Yellow/Yangze River Valleys (China)
|
Chinese culture emerged in the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys. The Southern portion of east China consists of a series of very productive river basins. The largest productive river basin in China is the Yangtze Basin longest river in both China and Asia and the third longest river in the world, with a length of 3,915 miles (6,300 kilometres). Its basin, extending for some 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from west to east and for more than 600 miles (1,000 km) from north to south, drains an area of 698,265 square miles (1,808,500 square km). From its source on the Plateau of Tibet to its mouth on the East China Sea, the river traverses or serves as the border between 10 provinces or regions. More than three-fourths of the river’s course runs through mountains.
|
|
|
Manchu Dynasty
|
Politically, until recently China has been an empire, ruled by a series of imperial dynasties. The first was the Xia Dynasty, followed by the Shang Dynasty. The last dynasty was the Manchu also known as the Qing, which ended in 1911. The Qing dynasty was first established in 1636 by the Manchus to designate their regime in Manchuria (now the Northeast region of China). In 1644 the Chinese capital at Beijing was captured by the bandit leader Li Zicheng, and desperate Ming dynasty officials called on the Manchus for aid. The Manchus took advantage of the opportunity to seize the capital and establish their own dynasty in China. By adopting the Ming form of government and continuing to employ Ming officials, the Manchus pacified the Chinese population. To guaranteeManchu control over the administration, however, the Qing made certain that half the higher level officials were Manchus
|
|
|
Historic Chinese isolation
|
For centuries the Mongols were military rivals to the Chinese, the Great Wall was constructed in part to defend against Mongol incursions and attacks. The Chinese people are very aware of their history, and have always defended their unique culture. it is well understood that the Chinese have historically preferred to limit contact with outsiders. For hundreds of years Chinese emperors sought to maintain a closed society, and this worldview was supported by the people. During the Age of Exploration, European nations sought to "open China" to trade and commerce, but the Chinese leadership very shrewdly and effectively limited contact. Europeans were unable to conquer and colonize China in the same manner that they conquered other empires of the world. During the nineteenth century China finally lost its ability to limit outside influence. After the Opium Wars China was largely opened to foreign control.
|
|
|
Opium Wars
|
During the nineteenth century China finally lost its ability to limit outside influence. At this time the British began to introduce opium into China. This very powerful, addictive narcotic took a very heavy toll on the Chinese population. Much like heroin and cocaine in modern society, the Chinese government was unable to effectively prevent opium from destroying the fabric of its culture. The Opium Wars were sparked by Chinese emperors attempts to prevent the importation of opium, between Britain and China in 1839. This was the first of the two -both of which China lost. After the Opium Wars China was largely opened to foreign control.
|
|
|
Mao Zedong
|
In 1949, after further civil war, a Communist government under the control of Mao Zedong was established. Mao firmly believed that foreign influence had been a curse to the Chinese people, and he closed China from the rest of the world. Mao ruled until his death in 1976, was a very oppressive dictator not unlike Joseph Stalin. He worked very hard to restore Chinese strength and independence. Part of this involved building a very large military. Mao brutally suppressed any perceived threat to his regime. One horrific episode was the "Cultural Revolution," which he initiated in 1966. During this time Mao ordered the elimination of anyone believed to be "elite" or "intellectual." The result was the deaths of millions.
|
|
|
Chinese Communism
|
Economically China is a Communist nation. This means that all industries are state run and state owned. Private property is not permitted and economic classes are discouraged. China has begun to eliminate this Communist system and bring in private industry, investment, and capitalist institutions. Many Chinese cities are booming centers of free enterprise and private wealth, which directly contradicts Communism. experts are not sure how to categorize China's economy. China is not a democracy, and the government maintains strict control over the political systems. The Chinese people do not choose their leaders, and opposition to the government or its policies is typically suppressed, often very brutally.
|
|
|
Xizang Province
|
The south of west China consists of the Xizang province, which is better known as Tibet. Tibet has at times been ruled by China, but the people do not consider themselves Chinese. In 1950 China invaded Tibet and controls it today. However, many Tibetans seek independence, which may come in the future.
|
|
|
Special Economic Zone (China)
|
China's Pacific Rim is the primary area of modern economic activity. In order to integrate freemarket capitalism within a Communist state, the Chinese government has permitted the Pacific Rim to develop differently from the interior. China has created Special Economic Zones (SEZs) that permit capitalism and free trade.
|
|
|
Hong Kong's unique status
|
Hong Kong is a very large port city in southern China. After the First Opium War, Britain took Hong Kong as a war concession. Hong Kong became a very important British colony, and during the twentieth century Britain transformed it into the banking capital of Asia. In 1997 Britain returned Hong Kong to China. Hong Kong represents the great contrasts of modern China. It is a very prosperous, modern "world" city, yet China has a tradition of being exactly the opposite.
|
|
|
Meiji Restoration (Japan)
|
for many centuries Japan was an isolated empire. the Japanese were very effective at preventing outside powers from asserting influence and control. In 1868 the Japanese government underwent a dramatic transformation. A group of reformers seized control of the government, and put Japan on a path to rapid modernization and industrialization. These reformers sought to build Japan into a global military and economic power. This event is known as the Meiji Restoration.
|
|
|
The Korean War
|
During World War II, Japan occupied Korea, and intended to dominate it. The United States liberated Korea after the war, but the U.S. and the Soviet Union quickly became involved in the Cold War. Thus, the type of government and economy that Korea would have was not agreed upon. Eventually Korea was divided into Northern and Southern regions. North Korea was a Communist nation allied with the Soviet Union, and South Korea was a freemarket democracy allied with the United States. In 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea, and for three years a major war was fought that included participation by the United States. Eventually an armistice was signed, and once again Korea was divided into two separate states.
|
|
|
Taiwan and China
|
Taiwan is a nation that sits near the coast of China. The Taiwanese are ethnic Chinese, and for many hundreds of years Taiwan was part of the Chinese empire. After the Communists under Mao Zedong took control of China, Taiwan broke away and formed an independent nation. Taiwan's independence is a source of great dispute. China still claims control of Taiwan, and officially terms it a "renegade province." Taiwan, however, is a close ally of the United States, and the USA refuses to permit China to take control of the small island. Despite its small size, Taiwan has an advanced economy and is heavily industrialized. The "Taiwan Situation" is a source of great tension between the United States and China.
|
|
|
Exclusive Economic Zone (United Nations)
|
According to Maritime Law, each nation has the right to the resources for the first two hundred miles of its shoreline. This includes fishing and oil drilling. The two hundred mile ocean zone each nation has the right to the resources to is called an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rule is not perfect, and there have been frequent disputes between nations that have close borders. However, this rule has likely prevented many conflicts over the maritime rights of nations and has ensured that the small Pacific nations can continue to use their traditional fishing grounds without interference from larger, more powerful nations.
|
|
|
Creation of the Himalayan Mountains
|
The Himalayan Mountains extend east to west across the northern border of South Asia. These mountains are created by tectonic activity. The Indian Plate is pushing into the much larger Eurasian plate. The Indian plate is subducting under the Eurasian, and the mountains are forming. These are the tallest mountains in the world. The largest, Mount Everest, is by far the most famous. Mount Everest sits on the border between Nepal and China.
|
|
|
India's colonial history
|
Colonial India (including Pakistan) was transformed greatly by British rule. The enormous natural wealth of the realm was a source of great resources for the British government. Many aspects of British culture were introduced. Notably, the English language was taught. During the nineteenth century Britain built roads, railroads, bridges, and other infrastructure. This was to better manage the colony. The great problem with India as a British colony was the fact that Britain never permitted India to develop advanced economic institutions. India was always used for firstlevel economic activity. Industry was never developed in India. Instead, India only provided raw materials. Thus, as a colony India received many benefits, but India was never treated fairly
|
|
|
Creation of India and Pakistan (partition)
|
India became independent of Britain in 1947. Immediately the conflict between Muslims and Hindus became a serious problem. To prevent widespread civil war, British India was divided into Pakistan, which is primarily Muslim, and India, which is primarily Hindu but has a very large Muslim population. When these two nations were created millions of the minority religion in each country moved to avoid persecution.
|
|
|
Kashmir
|
India and Pakistan have remained fierce, bitter rivals. They have fought several wars since independence, primarily over the issue of Kashmir. Kashmir is a region between the two nations that both claim as their own.
|
|
|
Pervez Musharaff
|
Pervez Musharraf took over as Pakistan's president in a bloodless coup in 1999 and led the country until his resignation in 2008. Pakistan had been one of only a few countries to recognize the Taliban as the official leaders of Afghanistan. The United States sought Pervez Musharraf's support, promising more than $1 billion in aid to Pakistan and applying heavy pressure to break diplomatic ties with Afghanistan and join the "war on terror." With a weak economy, a still-tense relationship with India, and internal strife in his government, Musharraf agreed to give the United States access to three airbases to launch its attacks on the Taliban. Musharraf also helped oust the Taliban from his country. However, the move created tension with neighboring Afghanistan and alienated the Islamic fundamentalists within his own country. Musharraf has been the target of several assassination attempts since then.
|
|
|
Caste System (India)
|
Hinduism created the caste system. Under the caste system, every person is born into a specific social class, or caste. A person cannot leave this class within his or her lifetime. Very rigid rules exist that separate the castes. The lower castes are impoverished and have little opportunities for prosperity or education. The lowest class has traditionally been called "The Untouchables," which are people that are labeled to be virtually inhuman. To many westerners, the caste system is racist and inhumane. Millions of Indians are treated as secondclass citizens because of their caste, and this is seen by outsiders to be a serious violation of human rights.this fundamental Hindu belief remains strong in India. In recent decades the government of India has worked to help the lower castes. Attempts to educate these groups, and secure jobs for them, have gained momentum. many traditional Hindus fiercely resist weakening or eliminating the caste system.
|
|
|
Indian Outsourcing
|
Technology, however, is becoming a major part of the Indian economy. During the 1990s major corporations began to take great interest in India for a variety of technological services. Because millions of Indians speak English, American and European tech companies began to turn to India to find skilled personnel. India is now a major source of engineers and software programmers. These highly skilled workers are willing to work for a fraction of their western counterparts. Today, for example, major companies use Indians for "phone support" roles. However, far more skilled jobs are also being transferred to India. For example, Indian physicians are now remotely treating American patients. Also, Indian accountants are working for American clients. The issue of "outsourcing" American jobs is very complex, but India is benefiting tremendously from its ability to provide skilled services to the west for very low prices.
|
|
|
Ho Chi Minh
|
During the colonial era Vietnam was a French Colony, and after World War II the Vietnamese people began to push for independence. The leader of the Independence movement was Ho Chi Minh. Ho Chi Minh was a Communist, and was closely allied with China. The USA wanted to defeat Ho Chi Minh and eliminate Communism from Vietnam.
|
|
|
Vietnam War
|
in the 1950s. Vietnam was divided into a Communist North and a prowestern Capitalist South. This is a scenario very similar to Korea. In the early 1960s fighting erupted between the two sides, and the United States began to give military support to the South. The USA wanted to defeat Ho Chi Minh and eliminate Communism from Vietnam. American leaders feared that if Vietnam became Communist, all of South Asia would fall into Communist hands. This was popularly known as the "Domino Theory." The people of Vietnam, however, saw the conflict as a fight for independence. The United States eventually had hundreds of thousands of soldiers fighting the North Vietnamese and their supporters, but could not win. By the early 1970s it was clear that the people of Vietnam wanted the United States out. The last U.S. forces left Vietnam in 1973. In 1975 Vietnam was unified into a single, Communist nation when the southern capital of Saigon fell to the northern forces.
|
|
|
Pol Pot
|
In 1975 a Communist regime known as the "Khmer Rouge" overthrew the military government and wreaked havoc on the people of Cambodia. In an attempt to "purify" the society, the Khmer Rouge killed millions of people suspected of being sympathetic to outsiders. The economy collapsed, and the society disintegrated into near anarchy. The leader of the Khmer Rouge was Pol Pot. Although the Khmer Rouge was eventually overthrown, Cambodia has remained underdeveloped and impoverished.
|
|
|
Ghana (ancient African kingdom)
|
One of the important early states in SubSaharan Africa was Ghana, Ghana is located in presentday west Africa. Ghana was based on the Niger River, and consisted of many ethnicities. The people of Ghana were expert goldsmiths, and traded throughout the realm. In 1062 Islamic armies invaded and conquered Ghana, and converted many of the inhabitants. Ghana lies south of The kingdom of Mali
|
|
|
1884 Berlin Conference (Africa)
|
In 1884 Berlin, representatives of Europe's great powers, and the United States, gather to divide Africa into "spheres of influence." The people of Africa were not consulted, nor were their needs taken into consideration. By 1900 virtually all of Africa was part of some European nation's territory. the nations of Europe exploited Africa's resources For several decades after the division in 1884. the people of African colonies were severely mistreated by their European rulers.
|
|
|
Sub-Saharan African Religion
|
Christianity, Islam, and indigenous.are the three primary groups of religion that characterize SubSaharan Africa. Religiously, the Europeans converted millions of Africans to Christianity. Religiously France and Portuga introduced Catholicism in their colonies. Britain introduced the Anglican Church. Islam dates back hundreds of years and has always been a powerful force in SubSaharan Africa. indigenous tribal religions are practiced by millions of Africans. In many cases, Africans practice versions of all three. This is especially true with African Christians. Many Christians have incorporated tribal beliefs and customs into their worship patterns.
|
|
|
Nelson Mandela
|
The apartheid system legally divides the races, and denied Blacks most civil liberties and economic opportunities. Blacks were denied education, they could not vote, and they were forced to live away from Whites. Apartheid was vigorously opposed by much of the world. Two of the most vocal activists against Apartheid were Nelson Mandela and Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu. Mandela was imprisoned for many years because of his antiApartheid activities Apartheid ended in the early 1990s. Nelson Mandela was elected president, although he has since retired.
|
|
|
Desmond Tutu
|
Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu was one of the two most vocal activists against apartheid with Nelson Mandela
|
|
|
Nigerian Oil
|
Nigeria is the dominant west African state. Nigeria is a former British colony that gained independence in 1960. Nigeria suffered from a very brutal civil war in 1960s, and it has never fully recovered. Nigera is a large nation with a many ethnicities. One of Nigeria's greatest assets is its tremendous oil reserves. since independence Nigeria has not converted its oil export profits into prosperity for its people. It is a very poor nation that is burdened by corruption.
|
|
|
Liberian Government Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
|
The people of Liberia recently elected Ellen JohnsonSirleaf to be its new president. Sirleaf is Africa's only female leader, and one of the few that is democratically elected.
|
|
|
Tigris/Euphrates Rivers
|
The Middle East was home to two very important early civilizations: Egypt and Mesopotamia. In both cases ancient people established civilizations along fertile river valleys. In Egypt, the people settled along the Nile River. In Mesopotamia the people settled along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The accomplishments of both cultures helped shape the modern world, and fascinate scholars to the presentday. Notably, ancient Egypt is considered by many to be the greatest of all ancient cultures.
|
|
|
Islam
|
Islam is the most significant institution in the Middle East, and its emergence dramatically transformed the realm. Islam was founded by Mohammed (571632) in the early seventh century. Mohammed lived in presentday Saudi Arabia. He spent much of his early life traveling in the realm, but as a young adult settled in the city of Mecca. Islamic tradition teaches that Mohammed was visited by the Biblical angel Gabriel, and was informed that he was God's last and greatest prophet. Mohammed eventually developed a devoted following and after some struggle conquered the city of Mecca. The faith surrounding his teachings then spread very quickly. The holy book of Islam is the Koran, and it was written by Mohammed. However, Mohammed affirmed the legitimacy of most of the beliefs of Judaism and Christianity. Mohammed claimed that Jesus was not the messiah (son of God), but rather that Jesus was a prophet of God. However, this is the only significant difference between Islam and Christianity. Islam also recognizes the prophecy of Old Testament figures such as Abraham and Moses.
|
|
|
Ottoman Empire
|
In the eighth century a group of Middle Eastern tribes loosely known as the Turks began to work together to expand their influence. Their primary rival was the Byzantine Empire, which existed in presentday Turkey and Eastern Europe. Over the centuries the Turks gained territory from the Byzantines, and eventually created a vast Islamic Empire. This became the Ottoman Empire when, in 1453, the city of Constantinople fell to the Turks and the Byzantine Empire collapsed. The Ottoman Empire was a major power in both Europe and the Middle East until the twentieth century. The Ottoman Empire collapsed in the 1920s, and the present state of Turkey was created
|
|
|
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
|
Most Middle Eastern nations belong to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Nigeria and Venezuela are also OPEC members. The OPEC nations are able to work together to regulate the price and supply of petroleum around the world. This is considered by many to be a "cartel" that forces nations such as the United States to pay more for oil than it should. However, OPEC is a powerful economic force in the world, and it presently controls oil prices for the benefit of its member nations.
|
|
|
Osama Bin Laden
|
The attacks of September 11, 2001 were committed by Middle Eastern terrorists that harbor deep hatred of the United States. There are many reasons why these people chose to attack the U.S. In general terms, the attackers are arch conservative Islamic fundamentalists that wish to eliminate all elements of western culture from the Middle East. These individuals seek to drive out all foreigners from the realm, dismantle the oil economy, and enact very draconian and intolerant religious laws. This includes severe repression of civil rights and liberties. Osama bin Laden, now deceased, was perhaps the best known symbol of this ideology.
|
|
|
Aswan Dam
|
Millions of Egyptians live traditional lives as subsistence farmers. Many of these farmers are poor. In the 1960s the Egyptian government completed the massive Aswan Dam on the Nile. This has dramatically increased Egypt's food production, and it also generates much of Egypt's electricity. However, the dam has disrupted the Nile's natural flood cycles, which has had a significant environmental impact. The Aswan Dam has also created Lake Nasser, which is by far the largest reservoir of water in North Africa
|
|
|
Darfur Sudan
|
Over the past two years civil war in Sudan has escalated dramatically. Western Sudan's Darfur region has experienced extreme violence as a result of this fighting. Hundreds of thousands of civilians have been attacked and killed. Earlier this year the fighting ended, and Sudan was peacefully split into two nations. This could stabilize the nation, but the future is still unclear.
|
|
|
Muammar Gadhafi
|
Since the late 1960s a very controversial dictator named Muammar Gadhafi ruled Libya. For many years Gadhafi declared himself to be an enemy of the United States, and he staunchly supported radical Islamic militants. In the 1980s he supported several terrorist attacks on Americans abroad, and in 1987 the United States retaliated by bombing several Libyan government buildings. For many years after that incident the United States had an economic embargo against Libya and labeled Gadhafi a supporter of terrorism. Earlier this year Libya experienced a massive popular uprising against Gadhafi. After several months of fighting he was overthrown and killed. A provisional government has been established, and there is presently a plan to introduce democracy. Experts are divided over whether or not this will actually take place. Libya's capital is Tripoli.
|
|
|
Creation of Israel
|
Israel was founded in 1948 as a Jewish homeland. This was in response to the horrors suffered by the Jewish people during World War II. Israel was created in a region along the Mediterranean coast known as Palestine. Prior to the creation of Israel the majority of people in this region were Palestinian, although Jews had been migrating to the region for several decades. The Palestinians are Arab Muslims that had lived in Palestine for hundreds of years. By 1948 a very large Jewish population had moved to Palestine and the Jewish people declared the formation of Israel. The creation of a Jewish state in Palestine had earlier been supported by Britain. When Israel was created hundreds of thousands of Arab Palestinians were displaced from their homes, and forced into a region known as the West Bank. Many more migrated to Jordan and other Arab nations. The Israeli government justified this removal by claiming that Israel must be predominantly Jewish in order for it to survive. Immediately the Arab nations around Israel rejected these actions. They condemned the removal of the Palestinians, and they declared the creation of the Israeli government to be illegitimate. The most vocal opposition came from the Palestinians.
|
|
|
Palestine
|
There are two regions of Palestine today where the majority of Palestinian Muslims live: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Millions of Palestinians live in these two regions, and they are, for the most part, impoverished. They have few economic and educational opportunities.
|
|
|
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
|
In recent years Israel has begun to build housing settlements in these two regions, which is fiercely opposed by the Arab world. In 2005 Israel withdrew from Gaza, but continues to expand its presence in the West Bank. Another region that Israel has settlements is the Golan Heights, which has historically been part of Syria. The Palestinians wish to create their own independent nation in the West Bank, and accuse Israel of seeking to force them out of the region. For decades Palestinians have fought against Israel by committing acts of terrorism. Today the most common forms of attack are suicide bombers that blow up public places such as cafe's and busses. The international community condemns this behavior. Additionally, there are many radical Islamic groups that pledge to destroy Israel. The radical groups often support these acts of terror. The four areas of greatest dispute are: the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, the Golan Heights, and Jerusalem. Both sides claim Jerusalem to be their own. Another important issue in dispute is the right of Palestinians that were displaced in 1948 to return. Israel staunchly opposes such a move.
|
|
|
1) India - what are the major changes that are taking place in modern India? What are the advantages and potential that India has in its modernization effort? What are the challenges? What will India look like in 25 years?
|
India is quickly modernizing and providing quality technology support at a lower cost
|
|
|
2) Africa- what are the major issues affecting Africa? What is holding Africa back from achieving its potential? Be able to discuss IN DETAIL two African states. Where will Africa be in 25 years?
|
Create Answer include
|
|
|
3) The Middle East - Be able to discuss in detail the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. What are the major issues (specifics matter). What are the dates, events, and other relevant details? Why is this conflict so difficult to solve? How would you solve it in a way that is fair, reasonable, and takes the needs of all the people into account?
|
Include 1948 creation of Israel. Discuss Israel building on the Gaza Strip and the west Bank, discuss Palestines feelings of being pushed out, discuss Jerusalem and allowing Palestinians removed in 1948 to return.
|
|
|
Australia is located in which Realm
|
Austral
|
|
|
New Zealand is located in which Realm
|
Austral
|
|
|
China is located in which Realm
|
southeast asia
|
|
|
Japan is located in which Realm
|
East Asia
|
|
|
North Korea South Korea is located in which Realm
|
east asia
|
|
|
India is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Pakistan is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Afghanistan is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Nepal is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Vietnam is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Laos is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Cambodia is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Indonesia is located in which Realm
|
asia
|
|
|
Nigeria is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
The Congo (formerly Zaire)
|
africa
|
|
|
South Africa
|
africa
|
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
africa
|
|
|
Kenya is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Somalia is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Ethiopia is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Sudan is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Egypt is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Libya is located in which Realm
|
africa
|
|
|
Saudi Arabia is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
|
|
Iraq is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
|
|
Kuwait is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
|
|
Israel is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
|
|
Turkey is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
|
|
Iran is located in which Realm
|
middle east
|
