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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the term that describes a federally protected product, produced from an inventor's brainchild? |
"intellectual property" |
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What are the laws that provide a means of protecting inventive genius in most fields? |
U.S. Patent Laws |
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What provides a means of protection for use of a work, name, symbol or device, or combination of them, used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify his/her goods and distinguish them from others? |
The Trademark Statutes |
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Who was the first African American to be granted a patent and for what? |
Thomas L. Jennings
a method for dry cleaning clothes |
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Who were two of the earliest Black women to acquire patents? |
Sarah E. Goode - folding cabinet bed (first black woman to be patented)
Miriam E. Benjamin - gong and signal chair for motels |
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Who was the women's rights activist who persuaded the patent commissioner to compile a list of women who had received American patents? |
Charlotte Smith |
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What is the only comprehensive list of women patentees ever created? |
Women Inventors to Whom Patents Have Been Granted by the United States, 1790 to July 1, 1888
(also known as LWP) |
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Charity Shaw |
cure for Tuberculosis |
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Margaret Plunkett Colvin |
rotary washing machine |
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Ellen Elgin |
clothes wringer
sells the rights to her clothes because she believes people will not buy her invention due to her skin color |
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Mary Potts |
plaster-handled iron
With this invention, women stopped burning their hands on the steel irons. |
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James McCall |
developed patterns |
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Butterick |
patterns |
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Mary Carpenter |
self-setting needle |
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Helen Blanchard |
sewing machine that does an over-seam stitch |
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Josephine Cochran |
dishwasher
too big and cumbersome for homes so is placed in hotels instead |
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Corinne Dufour |
wet broom/sponge |
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Mr. & Mrs. Elias Howe |
mechanized lockstitch
husband receives patent |
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Geneva Armstrong |
watering and feeding trough for cattle |
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What prevented women from being granted patents? |
lack of formal education
not citizens |
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What was required to obtain a patent? |
white male wealthy, property owner ($30 application fee) U.S. citizen for 2 years, resident of state 1 year of good moral character |
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Who was the first woman to be patented and for what? |
Mary Keiz - method of weaving for straw hats |
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Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? |
Britain was then the strongest and wealthiest country in the world.
There was a demand for coal to use as a fuel source for energy and machines. Britain had a large supply of coal.
Britain's government had the ability to export goods. There was an established middle class. |
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Who was the leader of the Industrial Revolution? |
Matthew Bolton |
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Who made the most efficient steam engine during the Industrial Revolution? |
James Watts |
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What advances are observed as the country industrializes? |
roads are built
machines introduced to culture makes creations quicker and less time consuming
differentiation of labor: skilled and unskilled (skilled were more valued) |
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How did industrialization affect working class? |
working class forced to work in factories work long hours for little pay expansion of middle class standard of cleanliness increases |
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What are the 3 reasons that challenge women's entry into technological domains according to "Men are the makers and women are the consumers"? |
roles of women in society/masculine valued
lack of ambition (lack of masculine aspiration)
lack of socialization (lack of work)
*lack of formal education |
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What was life like for workers before the Triangle Fire tragedy? |
unsafe/unfair working conditions 16-18 hour work days no safety equipment children were employees |
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Who was Clara Lemlich? |
a leading voice for women's and worker's rights during the early 20th century
she organized a general strike for workers that consisted of 10,000-20,000 people |
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During the strike, what happened to protestors? |
Every day for six weeks, protestors faced brutal beatings by police officers, thugs, and prostitutes. Many were taken to court and forced to do jail time. |
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Who was Anne Morgan? |
the daughter of an important public figure who decided to take up the cause of Shirtwaist strike along with Ava Vanderbilt
They took a stand against police brutality and this caused a change in action. |
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What causes Anne Morgan and Ava Vanderbilt to resign from the strike? |
They resigned from the strike when workers refused to soften their demand to form a union.
They did not agree with socialism and did not want to change their status of living. |
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What was the only demand unmet by Isaac Harris and Max Blanck? |
the formalization of a union
They agreed to raise wages and increase the quality of working conditions. |
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Describe the Triangle Fire. |
On March 25, 1911, a dropped cigarette started a fire on the 8th floor of the factory. In the midst of the panic, no one warned the workers on the 9th floor.
The only precaution that workers had for fires were pales of water. There was a fire escape but no one had the key.
Workers rushed to the elevator, pushing each other and fighting for a spot. Some never made it onto the elevator. Some were pushed down the elevator shaft.
The ladders on the fire trucks could not reach the 9th floor of the factory. 146 people die. (123 women, 23 men) The youngest was 14, oldest was 43. |
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What happens after the Triangle Fire? |
Harris and Blanck are taken to court but acquitted on all charges because there is not enough evidence to prove that the fire escapes were locked.
Later, they paid a restitution of $75 for each life lost.
However, many new laws are passed (36 pieces of legislation). - In NYC, the borough of fire prevention is developed and tasked with streamlining fire codes. They must enforce these rules. - Fire extinguishers and fireproof materials are required as well as stairway alarms - minimum wage - child labor laws (must have a working permit between ages 14-16) - set workweek of 40 hours is developed |
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Why did Harris and Blanck lock the fire exits? |
to prevent workers from stealing
Each worker's bag would be checked as they left work from the main door. |
