Women's Studies Test 1

Front 1

Define women's studies.

Back 1

examining women on a local and global level; interdisciplinary:

psychology

sociology

criminal justice

social justice

communication

Front 2

Why aren't women more prevalent in our history?

Back 2

Men have written our history, predominantly white men with social and political power.

Front 3

What was the first expression of women's studies?

Back 3

"The Rights of Women" by Mary Wolstencraff

argued for women's rights for upper class white women

Front 4

Describe the First Wave of Women's Rights.

Back 4

(until 1950) - voting rights (suffrage); Susan B. Anthony, Angelina Grimkey, Elizabeth Stanton

Women began to speak publicly.

1848: Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony decide to have a convention in efforts to educate women on voting rights --> THE SENECA FALLS CONVENTION

This is the first women's convention to address rights.

They gain the right to vote in 1923.

Betty Friedan writes a book called "The Feminine Mystique" about women and their roles in society.

Front 5

Describe the Second Wave of Women's Rights.

Back 5

(1950-1980s) - Voting Rights Act (1965) protected individuals who were going to vote against having to go the extra mile to be able to vote

Roe vs. Wade (1973) --> individuals (women) have the right to privacy when making medical decisions

Title IX --> ensuring that educational opportunities are equal for both men and women. The most visible form where is enacted is sports.

Front 6

Describe the Third Wave of Women's Rights.

Back 6

(1980s-present) - making feminism far more inclusive (not about white middle-class women, but all women, and even men)

Front 7

Define gender.

Back 7

how a person tends to identify and perform; the way in which we act out being male or female; the social organization of sexual differences

Front 8

What is the difference between gender and sex?

Back 8

Gender is the way we act out being male or female. Sex is a biological assignment. The two do not have to match.

Front 9

Define patriarchy.

Back 9

a male-dominated society or culture where the political, social, and economic power resides mostly with men

Front 10

Define intersectionality.

Back 10

concept coined by Kimberle Crenshaw

social aspects of your identity as they relate to the social sphere; aspects of a woman that that come together or intersect to form who you are

Front 11

Define privilege.

Back 11

a benefit that is given or an unearned right

Front 12

Define technology.

Back 12

a tool, process, or method developed by humanity for the advancement of humans or to make things simpler; anything you can use to make your life better

Front 13

What are the 4 levels of technology? Describe each and list examples.

Back 13

low/basic --> usually considered technologies for the individual (ex: dishes, clothing, furniture)

high --> support or are supported by infrastructure (a system that is in place to support humanity) (ex: the Internet, smartphones, pharmacological medicine)

intermediate/appropriate --> utilized by individuals in the 2/3 world who do not have access to high technologies (ex: mesh filters used to clean water, wells, solar ovens)

alternative --> environmentally friendly; used to reduce the carbon footprint or impact on the earth (ex: windmills, charcoal, water pump)

Front 14

Who was Shi Dun?

Back 14

a Chinese empress who invented paper with the bark of a mulberry tree alongside an emperor

Front 15

What did Autumn Stanley speak of in her paper?

Back 15

how women had a purposeful use for fire

The discovery of fire for food extends the lives of many humans.

Front 16

Describe the Stone Age/Paleothic Era.

Back 16

2.6 million years ago - 20,000 B.C.E

inventions were limited to stone tools

Front 17

Describe the Mesolithic Era.

Back 17

20,000 - 10,000 B.C.

domesticated plants/animals

Front 18

What factors influenced the shift from a foraging to horticultural society?

Back 18

fermentation of alcohol

larger families

gained a greater understanding of patterns of nature

the development of tools occurred (ex: grinding stone, knives, cooking utensils, baskets)

Front 19

Which 8 plants constitute over 80% of our diet?

Back 19

wheat

rice

corn

oats

barley

sorghum

millet

rye

Front 20

Describe some of the developed technologies as society shifted from foraging to horticultural?

Back 20

fire used as a land-clearing tool

food gathering and food processing tools (heat used to soften food)

fermentation (wine and beer)

plant fibers for weaving

fertilizer invented

Front 21

What are the first cooking techniques?

Back 21

boiling and fermentation

Front 22

What technologies did cooking spawn?

Back 22

preservation of food

different tools that accommodate cooking

medicine

sanitation

alchemy (turning elements into elements they are not)

iron working, ceramics, pottery, chemistry

Front 23

Describe the rise of the nation's state.

Back 23

domestication of grains (barley, oat, etc.) becomes higher in demand and higher in fat content

because of this, menstruation starts earlier

women have children earlier and more of them; explosion of childbirths causes a rise in the population

women lose their status in society --> relegated to the private sphere (the realm of the home)

women are seen as "men without penises" and therefore, lacking

Front 24

Describe the difference between Roman and Greek cultures.

Back 24

Roman women worked and could be citizens, however they did not have the right to vote. They were also educated and could own property.

Greek women did not go outside. Not only because they were subjugated, but also for safety reasons.

Front 25

What technologies are seen during the rise of the nation's state?

Back 25

gear

screw

rotary

map-making

showers

central heating

wheelbarrow

Front 26

Describe the difference in perspective of contraception and abortion years ago to now?

Back 26

Back then, contraception and abortion were practiced with no cultural stigma.

Front 27

Aspasia of Miletus

Back 27

a courtesan (prostitute) who meets Pericles. At one of Pericle's parties, she meets Socrates. It is rumored that she taught Socrates the Socratic method.

Front 28

Maria the Jewess

Back 28

alchemist (one of the first to practice alchemy)

invented (possibly) hydrochloric acid, and definitely kerotakis --> device used to heat substances

Front 29

Hypatia

Back 29

daughter of highly profound mathematician; becomes mathematician but cannot educate so she dressed up as a man

Front 30

Hannah Harger

Back 30

screen door

Front 31

Sarah Boone

Back 31

ironing board (African American inventor)

Front 32

Amanda Theodosia Jones

Back 32

The Jones Process --> a form of vacuum canning; allowed people to store foods for longer periods of time

Front 33

Hannah Mountain

Back 33

life preserver

Front 34

Harriet Irwin

Back 34

the 6-sided house to help the dispersion of central heating

Front 35

Harriet Tracy

Back 35

elevator and apparatus that helped stop the elevator

Front 36

Mary Anderson

Back 36

windshield wiper

Front 37

Jane Wells

Back 37

baby jumper

Front 38

Maryann Donavan

Back 38

diaper

Front 39

Grace Hopper

Back 39

helped write cobol (computer language); also the first computer "Mark 1"

Front 40

Lydia O' Leary

Back 40

received a patent for the cosmetic Covermark; the only person to receive a patent for cosmetics

Front 41

Harriet Strong

Back 41

dam technology

Front 42

Martha Coston

Back 42

"The Coston Maritime Signal Flare"

Front 43

How tall are the goddesses?

Back 43

4-5 inches

Front 44

Where was the Black Venus found?

Back 44

Dolni Vestonice

Front 45

What were the speculated uses of the goddesses?

Back 45

protection

fertility

harvest

early forms of porn