• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/94

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

94 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
types of joints?
1. synovial
2. cartilaginous
3. fibrous
synovial?
bones dont touch, articuates freely movable, knee shoulder
carilaginous?
vertabrae, sl. movable , seperated by fibrocartilaginous discs
fibrous?
bones held together by fibrous tissue or cartilage, almost in direct contact, immovable, ie skull
*kyphosis?
spinal tuberculosis, rheumatoid spondylitis degeneration, crush fracture of vertebrae caused by osteporosis,
*1. cervial
2. lumbar
1. flex-45, extension-45, bending-45, rotat-60
2. flex-60, ext-35, bending-30, rotat-45
spine?
1. tenderness
2. percussion pain
1. spinal process & around muscles one by one
2. direct or indirect
*+ in vertebral TB, fracture & herniation of intervertebral disc
*four limbs?
1. acropachy
2. acromegaly
1. chronic resp. or card diseases
2. higher secretion of growth hormone of pit. gland tumor in adults
*varus/valgus of knees or feet?
rickets, congenital def., sequela of poliomyelitis
*muscle atrophy?
paralysis, sequela of poliomyelitis, progressive myatrophy
*edema?
pitting in renal disease/ht failure, non pitting edema in hypothyoroid
*varicosis?
congenital. low limbs
*flat foot?
congenital
wrist joints?
cystolic, round, non tender swelling in ganglia, solid, round & tender swelling in rhuematoid, arthristis
finger joints?
symmetrical swelling & deformiites in rheumatoid arth. or osteoarthritis in aged, claw hand i progressive myatrophy or some congenital disease
knee joints?
symmetrical redness, swelling, warmness, & pain in acute rheumatic arth, asymmetrical in other inflammation.
knee tests?
1. bulge
2. balloon
if + both can show floating patella in effusion of joint capsule
shoulder movement?
flex-90, ext-45, abd-90, add-reach mid line, ext. rot-30, int. rot-80
elbow movement?
flex-first finger can reach shoulder, ex-180
wrist movement?
flx-50-60, ext-40, abd-15, add-30
finger joint movement?
flex-make fist, ext-spread fingers
hip joint movement?
flex-thigh can reach abd, back ext-30, abd-60, add-25, ext & int
rot-45
osteoarth?
-slow progress, symmetric joint pain, stiffness, aggravated w/activity or weather
-joint tenderness & bone enlargment of joint, crepitation on motion & limiation of joint motion
-+ autoimmune antibodies
gout?
-lower ext. middle aged men, esp first metatarsal,
-joint red, warm swollen
-+serum uric acid, 25% have kd stone,
rheumatoid arth?
-symmetric inlammatory polyarth.
-starts small joints spreads to other joints
-morning stiffness, swelling, pain, progress to diformities,
-nodules often appear near lu & joints, many organs can be affected
-+ serum rheumatoid factor to dx
osteoprorosis?
-metabolic bone disease
-may be asympotlmiatic unless results in fracture\fall
periodic paralysis?
-flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscles related to the serum potassium changes, eps hypokalemic
-autosomal dominate disease,
some have no family history
-hypertyroid
-attacks begin by adolesence, triggered-exersice, sleep, stress, meal high in carbs/sodium
-weakness/heaviness start legs to arms last 3-24hrs
-bradycardia, premature ht beat, U wave in ECG common, Low serum pot K
myasthenia gravis?
-autoimmune disorder, pathogeinci auto-antibodies block the transmission of electrical impoluse form nerve to muscle through acetylcholine receptor xu at motor end plate
-bilateral ocular muscle weakness is often first & assocaited w/ptosis & diplopia
-severe cases swallowing muscles imparied, involved, 2/3 have thymus enlargement, some have thymoma,
-increased acetycholine receptor antibody, + anti-cholinesterase
knee joint movement?
flex-gastroneimus can reach back of thigh, ext-180, small range of motion
ankle joint movement?
dorsi-35, plant- 45, ext & int rot-35
structure of spine?
-7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacral, 1 coccyx
-4 curves of spine: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
-intervertebral disc between 2 vertebral bodies
vertebral foreman?
spinal cord
intervertebral foremans?
spinal nerves
transverse forman?
spinal arteries/veins
CNS?
brain, spinal cord
brain?
-cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
cerebrum?
L & R hemi, sensory, motor, visuual, auditory, olfactory, taste, speech, written & memory fx
diencephalon?
between cerebral hemi & brain stem, contain hypothalamus & pitutary, homeostasis, autonomic nervous system
brain stem?
connects cerebrum & diencephalon, with spinal cord, main-medulla oblongata-resp. ht rate
upper motor neuron?
brain spinal cord, increase muscle tone/deep tendon reflex, pathological reflexes may be +
lower motor neuron?
ant. horn cell-muscle & cerebellum, decreased muscle tone/deep tendon reflexes, -pathological reflexes
muscle strenght?
resistance against your movement
0-none
1-barely
2-active movement of body w/gravity elilminated
3-" " against gravity
4-" " " " & some resistance
5-normal
muscle tone?
resistance to passive strength
1. increased resist-upper motor neuron paralysis
2. decreased-lower motor paralysis or cerebellar disease
sensory fx?
1. superficial-tests pain, temp, light touch
2. deep-position, vibration
3. complex-stereognosis, # identification, point location, extinction
deep tendon reflex?
-center is spine
-increased in UNP
-decreased in LNP & other cerebellar diseases, periodic paralysis
bells palsy?
unilateral LMN facial paralysis of face
carpal tunnel?
females at mid age, median nerve is compressed, pain may radiate to forearm & shoulder
-not pinky
1. tinels sign-hit center of wrist
2. phalens sign-put hands palm to palm,
sciatica?
herniation of interverteral disc (l5-si1) w/compression or traction of nerve roots, person under 50,
1. + lasegues sign-raising straight leg will cause pain
Guilliain barre syndrom?
-automimmune, demyelinating inflammatory disease following infection spinal roots involved
-flaccid paralysis of 4 limbs, some cranial nerves & autonomic nerve system involved
1. PE-muscle tone & deep tone reflexes decreased
2. CSF test-increased protein & normal # of cells
cerebral vascular accidents?
stroke
1. schemic-cerebral thormbosis
2. hemorrhagic stroke-intraceretral hemorr & subarachnoid hemorr
cerebral thrombosis?
32%, main cause atherrosclerosis, during sleep or morning, consciousness usually not lost, central hemiparalysis, better prognosis
intracerebral hemorrhage?
20%, hypertension & atherlsclerosis, during emotional stress/physical exertion, consciousness lost/disturbance , more severe
spinal cord?
contains motor & sensory nverve pathways
-mediate reflex activity of the deep tendon (or spinal nerve) reflexes
cerebellum?
behind brain stem, maintain muscle tone, cord of voluntary muscle movement, balance
cranial nerves?
12 pairs emerge from brain, limited to general motor/sensory fx
-head, neck
-smell, vision, hearing
spinal/peripheral nerves?
carry to and from the cord, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
-contain both sensory & motor fibers
autonomic nervous system?
central, sympathetic, parasympathetic, spread into ht, vessels other organs & glands to regulate fx
tremor?
rhythmic oscillatory movements
-park, cerebral athreoscelerosis in ages, hyperthyroid
chorea?
-movements are brief, rapid, irregular, unpredictable
-face, head, low arms, hands
-children rheumatic nervous diseae
tetany?
-in fingers & facial muscle is hypocalcemia
central (upper motor neuron) paralysis?
from cerebral cortex to spinal cord
peripheral (lower motor neuron) paralysis?
ant horn cell of spinal cord to peripheral nerves or cranial nerves & muscles
panplegia?
paralysis of 4 limbs
-cervical spine & guilain-barre syndorme
hemiparalysis?
paralysis of one side of arm & leg
-stoke, brain tumor
paraplegia?
paralysis of 2 legs
-injury of lumbar spinal cord, acute myelitis
monoplegia?
paralysis of 1 leg
-sequela of poliomyelitis
cordination?
total integration of movements
-fx of cerebellar system
-impaired is called ataxia
alt. movement?
pt turn hand over & over strike on thigh
point-point movement?
finger to nose, finger to finger
gait?
pay attention to rate, rhythm of walk
romberg test?
pt stand w/feet together, eyes open then close both eyes for 20-30 seconds
-note pt ability to maintain upright position
deep tendon reflexes?
-increased response in UMN paralysis
-decreased response in LMN paralysis
-diseases like cerebelar & periodic paralysis
biceps reflex?
strike biceps tendon at elbow with hammer strike finger
triceps reflex?
flex pt arm strike triceps tendon
radius reflez?
pronate forearm strike radius 1 to 2 inch above wrist, lu7 ish
knee reflex?
strike patellar tendon
abdominal reflex?
stoke each side of abdomen
-none in spinal injury, deep coma
plantar response?
stoke lateral aspect of sole from heel to ball, curving med.
-flexion of toes is normal
-expansion + babinski sign
babinski sign?
stoke lateral aspect of sole from heel to ball, curving med.
+ indicates nervous system disease
ankle clonus?
support knee in partly flexed. with hand dorsiflex then plantar flex 3 times pull up hard on 4th
brudzinski sign?
pt supine & limbs extended, passively flex neck, rigidity or resistance is abnormal, flex of hips is + brudzinnkskis indicates menigeal disease
kernings sign?
flex pt leg at both hip & knee & then streghten knee, resistance/pain indicates meningeal diseae
exam paranasal sinuses?
1. frontal sinus-medial areas above orbitals
2. ethmoid-between nasal roots and innter canthi
3. maxilary-both sides of checks
4. sphenoid-located inside and can not be examined
exam breath sounds?
1. vesicular-heard over most area of lung
2. bronchial-first around sterno notch, then over c6, c7, t1, t2
exam ht valve sounds?
1. apex/mitral-5th L, under nipple and .5 to 1 centimeter med
2. aortic-2nd R
3. pulmonary-2nd L
4. 2nd aortic-3rd L
5. tricupsid-4th or 5th L
palpation lv?
-use deep slipping palp
-1 cm below the right costal margin on midclavical line
-push down and under rib
-dont need to push in
palpation sp?
-cannot be touched in normal person
-L side mid claival under rib
-same as lv but push in
percussion shifting dullness?
-lay hand on abdomen umblicul line
-tap middle finger
-do mid, side, then turn pt on side and tap sides again
-if fld inside will sound like flatness
murphys sign?
R side-midclavical line use L hand put 4 finger on chest/ribs push thumb into flesh under ask pt to breath deep if pain gallstones
mcburneys sign?
R-line from Ant. Iliac to umbilical, 1/3 from lat. push and release if rebound pain appendisitis
exam kidney tenderness?
find angle of spine and rib, put hand flat and hit with fist, both sides
bugle sign?
med side of knee, push fld up 3x and hold then push lat side of patella
balloon sign?
-push fld together with both hands over patella
-hold fld and use R index finger to push top of patella
knee deep tendon relex?
-with hammer hit patella tendon