Wjec Biology - As - Unit By2.3 - Adaptations For Trasport

Front 1

Apoplast Pathway

Back 1

Water and mineral ions travel across the cortex through the cell walls.
Reach the casparian strip and move into the symplast via osmosis to reach the xylem

Front 2

Symplast Pathway

Back 2

Water and mineral ions travel across the cortex through the cell's cytoplasm via the plasmodesmata, then reaches the xylem.

Front 3

Companion Cells

Back 3

Provide the sieve tube with ATP

Front 4

Xerophytes

Back 4

Plants adapted to dry conditions eg. cacti
- thick cuticle on leaves - prevents water loss
- rolled leaf
- stomata sunk in pits - humid air maintained around stomata.

Front 5

Red blood cells adaptations for oxygen transport

Back 5

- Biconcave - increase SA
- Contains haemoglobin
- No nucleus - more space for Hb

Front 6

Cardiac Cycle

Back 6

Electrical waves come from the SAN in the wall of the right atrium. They are then transferred to the AVN which sends signals down the bundle of His and to the Purkyne fibres which cause the ventricles to contract simultaneously from the bottom up.

Front 7

Vein

Back 7

Carry deoxygenated blood to heart - thin walls - low pressure.
Have valves to prevent backflow.

Front 8

Capillary

Back 8

One cell thick - short diffusion pathway

Front 9

Artery

Back 9

Thick muscular walls - carry oxygenated blood from the heart and so have to with stand the high pressure.