Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the four official levels?
|
Vin de Table
Vin de Pays VDQS (vin delimite de Qualite Superieure AOC (appellation d'origine controlee) |
|
|
Who enforces wine laws?
|
INAO (institute national des appellations d'origine)
|
|
|
What conditions must the AOC wines meet?
|
- Must be 100% of the grapes from that area to label the wine that region
- must meet minimum sugar + alcohol levels - must not exceed maximum harvest per hectare - methods of production must be approved by region - bottled in same region as appellation - pass taste test of INAO - reflect the wine of its region |
|
|
What is terroir?
|
the physical environment in which the grapes were grown
- the unique and distinctive character a specifice wine will exhibit due to the area |
|
|
what waters border bordeaux?
|
Atlantic ocean, gironde river, garonne river, and dordogne river
|
|
|
Is Bordeaux known for reds or whites?
|
Reds
|
|
|
What 5 areas is Bordeaux most known for?
|
Medoc, Graves, Ste Emilion, Pomerol, and Sauternes
|
|
|
Name the authorized red grapes in Bordeaux
|
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot Cabernet Franc - Malbec - Carmenere - Petit Verdot |
|
|
Name the authorized white grapes in Bordeaux
|
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon Muscadelle - Merlot Blanc - Ondenc - Mauzac - Colombard - Ugni Blanc (regional wines) |
|
|
What is the dominant dry white grape in Bordeaux?
|
Sauv Blanc
|
|
|
What is the dominant sweet white grape in Bordeaux?
|
Semillon
|
|
|
What are the quality levels of Bordeaux
|
- Bordeaux (lowest level of AOC)
- Bordeaux + region - Bordeaux + region + chateau |
|
|
Medoc's classification dates:
|
1855; 1973
|
|
|
Name the 5 1st growth wines?
|
- Chateau Latour
- Chateau Haut Brion - Chateau Lafite-Rothchild - Chateau Mouton-Rothchild - Chateau Margaux |
|
|
What is Grande Cru Classe?
|
The classification system in Medoc for their most note-worthy quality wines.
|
|
|
Dominant grape in Medoc?
|
Cabernet Sauvignon
|
|
|
What are the 7 subappellations of Medoc?
|
Haut Medoc
- St. Estephe - Pouillac - Ste. Julien - Margaux - Listrac - Moulis |
|
|
Graves subappellations?
|
Pessac Leognan
|
|
|
What is the 1st growth Medoc in Graves?
|
Chateau Haut Brion
|
|
|
What types of grapes are from Pessac Leognan?
|
Sauvignon Blanc
|
|
|
What % must be the dominant grape in Pessac Leognan?
|
25%
|
|
|
Ste Emilion and Pomerol is located where?
|
East of the Gironde River
North of the Dordogne |
|
|
Dominant Grapes in Ste Emilion and Pomerol?
|
Merlot; Cab Franc
|
|
|
When was Ste Emilion classified?
|
1954
|
|
|
What is Ste Emilion's classification system?
|
Premiere Grand Cru Classe (Class A)
Premiere Grand Cru Classe (Class B) Grand Crus - 46 of them - Ste. Emilion AOC |
|
|
What are the popular "grand crus" in Ste Emilion
|
Chateau Cheval Blanc
Chateau Ausone |
|
|
When was Pomerol classified?
|
it was never officially classified
|
|
|
What is the dominant grape in Pomerol?
|
Merlot
|
|
|
Secondary grape in Pomerol?
|
Cab Franc
|
|
|
What is the star of Pomerol?
|
Petrus: 4,000 cases - most expensive merlot based wine
|
|
|
What are the dominant grapes of Burgundy? What are the accepted grapes?
|
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (+ aligote in cote challonaise and gamay in beaujolais)
|
|
|
What is a negociant-eleveurs
|
Negociants that age the wines that they purchase
|
|
|
what are some techniques to maximize color and tannin extraction?
|
- saignee (bleeding)
- fermenting with the stalks - oak aging - temperature - filtering and fining? |
|
|
What are the quality levels of Burgundy?
|
Regional
Village Premier Cru Grand Cru |
|
|
What are the appellations of Burgundy?
|
Chablis
Cote de Nuit (Cote d'Or) Cote de Beaune (Cote d'Or) Cote Chalonnaise (Saone-et-Loire) Maconnaise (Saone-et-Loire) Beaujolais (Rhone) |
|
|
What are the quality levels of Chablis?
|
Petite Chablis
Chablis Premiere Cru Grand Cru |
|
|
How many grand crus are there in Chablis?
|
7
|
|
|
Dominant grape in Cote de Nuit?
|
Pinot Noir
|
|
|
Dominant grape in Cote de Beaune?
|
Chardonnay in southern part
|
|
|
Subappellations in Cote de Nuit
|
- Gevrey Chambertin
- Chambolle-Musigny - Vogne-Romanee - Nuit-St. George Marsannay Fixin Vougeot Flagey Echezeaux Haute Cotes de Nuits Cote de Nuits Villages |
|
|
subappellations of Cote de Beaune
|
- Aloxe-Corton
- Beaune - Pommard - Meursault - Puligny-Montrachet - Chassagne-Montrachet Volnay |
|
|
supappellations of Chalonnaise
|
-Givry
- Montagny - Rully - Mercurey |
|
|
subappellations of Maconnaise
|
- Macon Village
- Pouilly Fuisse |
|
|
Dominant grape of Beaujolais?
|
gamay
|
|
|
quality level of beaujolais
|
beaujolais AOC
beaujolais superieur Cru beaujolais (beaujolais villages) |
|
|
What is Nouveau beaujolais?
|
first wines to be consumed by the vintages
|
|
|
What is carbonic maceration?
|
removing oxygen from fermentation and crushing the grapes with pressure. This makes the wine softer and fruitier
|
|
|
What is chaptalization?
|
adding sugar to bring up the alcohol level
|
|
|
What is the second largest wine region?
|
Cotes du Rhone
|
|
|
What is the mistral?
|
very powerful wine that can rip the leaves and vines
|
|
|
Quality levels in Rhone
|
Cotes du Rhone
Cotes du Rhone Villages Communes |
|
|
What are the accepted grape varieties in Cotes du Rhone
|
Red:
Syrah Grenache Mouvedre Cinsault White: Viognier |
|
|
Communes in Northern Rhone
|
Cote Rotie
Condrieu (viognier) Crozes Hermitage Hermitage |
|
|
Dominant grape in northern rhone?
|
syrah
|
|
|
condrieu has what type of grape?
|
viognier
|
|
|
What is another name for Northern Rhone
|
Septentrionales
|
|
|
What is the dominant grape in southern Rhone?
|
there is no dominant red grape
|
|
|
Communes in Southern Rhone
|
Gigondas
Chateauneuf du Pape Tavel Muscat Beaumes de Venise |
|
|
What is the climate of the Cote du Rhone
|
cooler area North (high acidity, low sugar)
warmer in the South |
|
|
What is unique about Alsace?
|
The only AOC region in France to label via Grape name
|
|
|
What are the grape types in Alsace?
|
Riesling
Gewurztraminer Pinot Gris Muscat |
|
|
What is eleve en futs?
|
oak aging
|
|
|
what is chaptalization
|
adding sugar to must to increase alcohol
|
|
|
what is vendange tardive?
|
wines develop sugars but don't ferment them making them sweeter (late harvest)
|
|
|
what is Selection de grains nobles?
|
wines made by grapes by the "noble rot" of botrytis
|
|
|
What is botyrtis?
|
a bacteria, moldy green gunk, that enhances the wine
|
|
|
Malolactic fermentation in Alsace
|
they want the harsh acidity so they avoid this style of fermentation.
|
|
|
Alsace is known for red or white?
|
white (about 95%)
|
|
|
What is unique about Loire?
|
it is the longest river in France (635 miles)
|
|
|
Loire: white or red grapes?
|
white
|
|
|
What are the accepted white varieties of Loire Valley
|
chenin blanc
sauvignon blanc muscadet |
|
|
chenin blanc is found where
|
central areas
|
|
|
sauv blanc is found where
|
eastern and upper areas
|
|
|
muscadet is found where
|
western area
|
|
|
T/F: Loire valley generally avoids malolactic and oak fermentation
|
True
|
|
|
What is flowering and how is this important to Loire Valley
|
when the buds start to show flowers. can be ruined from spring frost
- huge fans or watering of the vineyard prevent this from occuring |
|
|
Approved red grape varieties in Loire Valley
|
Cab Franc
Gamay Pinot Noir |
|
|
What other type of wine is Loire Valley known for?
|
Sparkling wine
|
|
|
Regions of Loire Valley
|
- Nantes (Western Loire)
- Anjou- Saumur (central) - Touraine (central) - Upper Loire |
|
|
Nantes dominant grape?
|
muscadet
|
|
|
Anjou-saumur communes
|
Savennieres
Saumur-Champigny |
|
|
Where do the finest red wines in Loire come from?
|
Saumur-Champigny
|
|
|
Touraine is known as:
|
the garden of France
|
|
|
Touraine communes
|
Bourgueil
Chinon Vouvray |
|
|
Bourgueil and Chinon grapes:
|
cab franc and cab sauv
|
|
|
vouvray grape
|
chenin blanc
|
|
|
Upper Loire communes and grape type
|
Pouilly fume
Sancerre --sauv blanc. Pouilly fume marketing term = fume blanc |
