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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NEW ZEALAND
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
NEW ZEALAND
Location: South of Australia Southernmost wine country Climate: Maritime Soil: Gravelly Stoney Varietals: WHITES Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay REDS Cabernet Sauvignon Pinot Noir Merlot |
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NEW ZEALAND - Overview
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NEW ZEALAND - Overview
- young wine country - focus is on quality - Certified Origin System (1996) |
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NEW ZEALAND
Important Regions |
NEW ZEALAND - Important Regions
**** NORTH ISLAND **** AUCKLAND - warmer region reds - Bordeaux blends with lots of merlot GISBORNE - Chardonnay with good acidity - Riesling HAWKES BAY - high sunshine hours - Bordeaux varietals - ripe WAIRARAPA (MARTINBOROUGH) - Pinot Noir (high quality) **** SOUTH ISLAND **** MARLBOROUGH - world class Sauvignon Blanc - crisp and herbaceous CENTRAL OTAGO - Pinot Noir |
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NEW ZEALAND
Viticulture Vinification |
NEW ZEALAND
Viticulture: - maximum sun exposure - canopy management - Dr. Richard Smart wrote "Sunlight Into Wine" Vinification: - modern - stainless steel |
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AUSTRALIA - Overview
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AUSTRALIA - Overview
- arrived from British settlers - 19th century - dominated by large companies - have fortified wines - EXPERTS at marketing - history of blending - labels are easy to read - PROBLEM: difficulty with appellation laws - G.I.'s (Geographical Indicators) - G.I.'s are influenced by the large companies |
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AUSTRALIA
South Australia Regions |
AUSTRALIA - South Australia Regions
Barossa Valley - old important (quality) - well regarded Cab Sauv and Syrah (Shiraz) Clare Valley - Riesling (bone dry) - Pretroleum based Coonawarra - Cooler - Cab Sauv - terra rosa McLaren Vale - Cab Sauv - Shiraz Eden Valley - Whites |
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AUSTRALIA
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
AUSTRALIA
Location: - mostly grown in southeast Australia Climate: - Mediterranean - Arid - Maritime influence Soil: - limestone - terra rosa (red loam) Coonawarra - sand - clay Varietals: WHITES - Chardonnay - Semillon - Riesling - Sauvignon Blanc REDS - Shiraz - Cabernet Sauvignon - Pinot Noir - Grenache --- Noir --- Blanc --- Clarendon Hills (old vines Grenache) |
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AUSTRALIA
Viticulture Vinification |
AUSTRALIA
Viticulture - irrigation - canopy management - ungrafted vines Vinification - grapes shipped to wineries that are grown from different locations - blending between regions - acidification widely used (done during post fermentation) - Oak |
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AUSTRALIA
Victoria Regions |
AUSTRALIA - Victoria Regions
Yarra Valley - Pinot Noir Rutherglen - "stickies" fortified from Muscat |
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AUSTRALIA
New South Wales Regions |
AUSTRALIA - New South Wales Regions
Hunter Valley - Upper Hunter (top quality Chardonnays) - Lower Hunter (Semillion) Mudgee - red wines |
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AUSTRALIA
Western Australia Regions |
AUSTRALIA - Western Australia Regions
Margaret River - quality Red and White Bordeaux varietals |
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AUSTRALIA - Most Important Regions
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AUSTRALIA - Most Important Regions
1. South Australia -- Shiraz -- Riesling -- Semillion -- Grenache Noir/Blanc -- Chardonnay 2. Victoria -- Pinot Noir -- Chardonnay -- Shiraz -- Cabernet Sauvignon 3. New South Wales -- Chardonnay -- Shiraz -- Semillion 4. Western Australia |
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AUSTRALIA - Food
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Lamb
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ARGENTINA - Overview
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ARGENTINA - Overview
- large producers |
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ARGENTINA
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
ARGENTINA
Location: - southwest South America - west of Andes mountain range Climate: - warm continental - altitude moderates heat - low rainfall Soil: - sand - clay - alluvial ---- fine grain fertile soil deposited where stream flow stops Varietals: WHITE - Chardonnay - Bonarda (Patriota = Bonarda/Malbec) - Torrontes RED Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon |
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ARGENTINA
Viticulture Vinification |
ARGENTINA
Viticulture: - high yield - best sites are in high altitide (longer growing) - drip irrigation Vinification: - concentrated reds - oak aging |
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ARGENTINA - Important Regions
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ARGENTINA - Important Regions
Mendoza - largest region - foreign investment - concentrated reds Cafayete - northern region - reputation for aromatic Torrontes |
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ARGENTINA - Foods
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ARGENTINA - FOODS
- beef - organ meats |
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CHILE - Overview
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CHILE - Overview
- new world - Spanish brought the vines - botanical nursery set-up 1830 ---common with regions with educational system ---library for plant matter - vinifera before Phylloxera - export market - "Reserved" does not mean anything |
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CHILE
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
CHILE
Location: - southwest South America - East of Andes - Pacific Ocean on west Climate: - largely Mediterranean - almost continental climate --- ocean breezes --- high altitude Soil: - sand - Phylloxera-free since it is isolated Varietals: WHITE Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc RED Cabernet Sauvignon Carmenere (behaves like Merlot) -- green, leafy Merlot Starting: -- Syrah -- Pinot Noir |
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CHILE
Viticulture Vinification |
CHILE
Viticulture: - irrigation water --- spring run-off --- melted snow from Andes - largely ungrafted vines Vinification: - a lot of French investment - a lot of American investment - old world and new world - new world dominates |
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CHILE - Most Important Regions
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CHILE - Most Important Regions
Aconcagua - most northerly - hot, dry, intense Casa Blanca - excellent crisp white - cool - wetter area Maipo - Cab and Chard - best known wine region - south of Santiago Rapel - Subregions --- 1. Cachapoal --- 2. Colchagua (Cab Sauv) Maule and Bio Bio - new producers (Pinot Noir) |
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CHILE - Food
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CHILE - Food
- savory - rich - pork - seafood |
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SOUTH AFRICA - Overview
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SOUTH AFRICA - Overview
- longest history of NW wine history - French/Dutch history - makes a lot of brandy - exports; locals can't afford it - massive replanting led to overproduction - Apartheid impact ---- helped create KWV - KWV Cape Wine Growers Cooperative ---- sets minimum price ---- paid people for grapes based on quantity only ---- no quality requirements - WO ---- set in 1973 ---- Wines of Origin ---- Regions___ Districts___Wards |
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SOUTH AFRICA
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
SOUTH AFRICA
Location: - southwest of Africa Climate: - largely Mediterrenean - Benguela current (from Antartica) cools vineyard - Cape Doctor (strong winds) clears mold Soil: - wide variation - granite Varietals: WHITE Chenin Blanc --- main white --- called Steen Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay RED Pinotage (Pinot Noir X Cinsaut) --- iodine --- burnt rubber --- medicinal --- main red Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah Merlot |
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SOUTH AFRICA
Viticulture Vinification |
SOUTH AFRICA
Viticulture: - soil adjusted for acidic soil - inland is drier and uses direct irrigation Vinification: - old world styles - Rustic - new world styles - less tannic, fruitful |
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SOUTH AFRICA - Most Important Regions
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SOUTH AFRICA - Most Important Regions
Stellenbosch - maritime Constancia - Pinot Noir, dessert wine from Chenin Paarl - hq of KWV Robertson - coops / small producers - high quality - Sauv Blanc / Syrah Walken Bay - cool maritime Olifants River - bulk brandy Orange River - bulk brandy |
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SOUTH AFRICA - Food
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SOUTH AFRICA - Food
- game - ostrich - antelope - prawns - figs - coconut |
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CANADA - Overview
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CANADA - Overview
- grape growing area is extremely limited - VQA Vinter's Quality Assurance ---- defines regional boundaries ---- guarantees grape is grown in Canada ---- not just "Product of Canada" |
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CANADA
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
CANADA
Location: NIAGARA PENINSULA --- province of Ontario (southern tip) --- Great Lakes area OKANAGAN VALLEY --- province of British Columbia --- some actual desert area --- OSOOYOOS - only desert area in Canada Climate: NIAGARA PENINSULA --- cold continental --- humid in the summer time --- winter freeze is a threat --- Great Lakes moderates climate OKANAGAN VALLEY --- cold continental --- arid --- Lake Okanagan moderates weather Soil: NIAGARA PENINSULA --- limestone --- glacial till OKANAGAN VALLEY ---- sand Varietals: NP --- history of hybrids ------ Vidal ------ Bacos Noir --- vitis vinifera ------ Riesling (Ice Wine) ------ Chardonnay ------ Gewurztraminer ------ Cabernet Franc ------ Merlot OV --- Pinot Gris --- Riesling --- Chardonnay --- Gewurztraminer --- Pinot Noir --- Merlot --- Cabernet Franc --- Syrah |
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CANADA
Viticulture Vinification |
CANADA
Viticulture: NP --- winter protection practices --- cold resistant rootstock OV --- irrigation by Lake Okanagan --- Frost protection (early) Vinification: None covered in class |
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CANADA - Most important regions.
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CANADA - Most important regions
Niagara Peninsula (a lot of bulk wines) Okanagan Valley (more quality wine) |
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CANADA - FOOD
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CANADA - FOOD
None covered in class |
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OREGON - Overview
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OREGON - Overview
- small production - starts at 20$ range - small growers - quality production - attention to individual vineyards |
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OREGON
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
OREGON
Location: - Pacific Northwest Climate: - Mild maritime - can get cold - west side of Cascade Mountain for growing region - fog Soil: - volcanic - marine fossils - red clay loam (terra rosa) Varietals: - Pinot Noir - Pinot Gris - Chardonnay (some) |
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OREGON
Viticulture Vinification |
OREGON
Viticulture: - canopy management to increase sunlight - training and trellising - a lot of growers that do not produce wine Vinification: - many single varietal wines - must be 95% Pinot Noir in Oregon - adoption of Burgundy techniques (old school) - use of older barrels and newer barrels |
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OREGON - Most important AVA's
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OREGON - Most important AVA's
Willamette AVA - largest - excellent reputation for Pinot Noir - sub-regions --- 1. Yamhill Carleton AVA --- 2. McMinnville AVA --- 3. Dundee Hills AVA Umpqua Valley AVA - further south - fuller body Rogue Valley AVA - close to California - Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot - Zinfandel |
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OREGON - Foods
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OREGON - Foods
- oysters - salmon - lamb - hazelnuts - craft produced cheeses |
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WASHINGTON - Overview
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WASHINGTON - Overview
- history and industry relatively young - 2nd largest producing state - center for grape growing: eastern Washington - center for wine making: western Washington near Seattle - this causes an issue with transporting grapes - no large production of bulk wine; starts at mid-range ($9.00) *** Good Washington wineries - Chateau St. Michelle - Leonetti (hard to find) - Woodward Canyon |
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WASHINGTON
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
WASHINGTON
Location - Pacific northwest Climate Two distinct zones 1. Western Washington ----- wet and humid ----- coastal influence *** Cascade Mountain ----- creates rainshadow effect 2. Eastern Washington ----- Continental and arid Soil - Clay - Sand - Volcanic Varietals: - Merlot (better acidity) - Cabernet Sauvignon (Excellent) - Syrah - Riesling (Best) - Chardonnay |
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WASHINGTON
Viticulture Vinification |
WASHINGTON
Viticulture: - Ungrafted vines (pre-Phylloxera) - Protection from frost (spraying, wind turbines, heaters) - Irrigation from Columbia River (needed for Eastern Washington) though this is not enough - Have reservoir that produces and vineyard can access based on size lf land owned Vinification: - Extremely modern - Need to account for transportation cost - Oak aging |
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WASHINGTON - Most important AVA's
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WASHINGTON - Most important AVA's
Columbia Valley AVA (largest) ---- Yakima Valley AVA ---- Red Mountain AVA ---- Horse Heaven Hills AVA ---- Rattlesnake Hills AVA Columbia Gorge AVA ---- shared with Oregon ---- towards the coast Puget Sound AVA ---- covers most of coastal area ---- shares climatic conditions with British Columbia |
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WASHINGTON - Food
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WASHINGTON - Food
None covered in class |
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CALIFORNIA - Overview
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CALIFORNIA - Overview
• best wines • growing industry • 1/3 of bottles sold in U.S. are from California • range of quality (a lot of ultra premium wines) |
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CALIFORNIA
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
CALIFORNIA
Location: West coast of U.S.A Climate: • largely Mediterranean • fog and oceanic influences • mountain influence Soil: • Small patches of soil variations ---- Alluvial (poor in organic matter) ---- Volcanic ---- Granitic ---- Loam ---- Sandstone Varietals: - Cabernet Sauvignon - Merlot (good quality) - Zinfandel - Syrah - Pinot Noir - Chardonnay - Sauvignon Blanc World 85% of varietal listed on label USA 75% of varietal listed on label USA 95% of varietal listed on label if it is Vintage Before May 2006 --- AVA was 85% varietal Changed May 2006 --- AVA Large producers 75% varietal --- AVA Small producers 85% varietal |
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CALIFORNIA
Viticulture Vinification |
CALIFORNIA
Viticulture: • lower vine density --- no need for density as it is a better growing region --- can do more --- quality from climate • several different training systems – no restrictions • irrigation • hand harvesting for top producers • Phylloxera and Pierce’s Disease are a threat Vinification: • very modern (awesome technology) • best equipment • due to influence of U.C. – Davis • oak Aging • vines have a lifespan and must be pulled after a period of time. Phylloxera – mistake by U.C. Davis 1. AXR-1 is name of a rootstock from U.C. Davis (70’s to 80’s) 2. Thought to be immune to Phylloxera and cheaper 3. This was a mistake (not resistant) |
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CALIFORNIA - Most important AVA's
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CALIFORNIA - Most important AVA's
Lodi / Woodbridge AVA (Gallo, entry level Mondavi) - Highly productive - Warm dry area - High Yield Napa Valley - 30 miles long - considerably warmer in the north - San Pablo Bay - known for Cabernet Sauvignon (high quality) - valley floor heavily planted - sub-Regions (Still AVA’s but smaller) ----- 1. Oakville AVA --------- extremely concentrated --------- middle of the Napa valley --------- muscular wine ----- 2. Rutherford AVA --------- distinct minerality than others ----- 3.Howell Mountain AVA --------- higher altitude --------- fairly tannic ----- 4. Stags Leap AVA --------- slower ripening (cooler climate) --------- herbal Distinctive ----- 5. Carneros AVA --------- overlaps Sonoma/Napa County --------- fog and wine (liked by Pinot Noir and Chardonnay) --------- cooler --------- sparking --------- pick early Sonoma County AVA - covers entire county Sonoma Valley AVA - best wines from higher elevations - great Zinfandel - Sonoma has more wine variants than Napa Russian River Valley AVA - Pinot Noir - Zinfandels - Redwood trees and fog Dry Creek AVA - Zinfandel (spicy) Central Coast - Granite ridges east to west - Cold ocean current and fog - Low temperature • Santa Barbara AVA (cold / Pinot Noir) • Santa Maria AVA • Santa Ynez AVA |
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CALIFORNIA - Food
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CALIFORNIA - Food
• land/water • produce • many cultures • local foods • fusion cuisine (California cuisine) • replacement of flavor (not high-fat content) ---- citrus ---- herbs |
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What is the European vine specie?
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Vitis Vinifera
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What vine species is native to the Eastern U.S.?
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Vitis Labrusca
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What vine species is native to to the Southerna and Western U.S.?
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Vitis Rupestris
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What is the vine louse that eats its roots causing the vine to die?
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Phylloxera
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What vine disease is spread by the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter
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Pierce's Disease
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What is the name of the plant that is grafted on top of a rootstock?
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Scion
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Who brought vines to the Western U.S.?
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Spanish missionaries
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What is the most important institution for viticulture
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U.C. - Davis
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What are the main impediments in the modern history of North America?
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1. Prohibition (Dry Law)
2. Three-tier distitribution system Importer Distributor Retailer |
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What governs areas of wine production in the U.S. ?
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AVA - Approved Viticultural Area
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What are the main varietals of Hungary?
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Furmint
Harslevelu |
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What region in Hungary is famous for its dessert wine?
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Tokaji (Northern Hungary)
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What is the highest quality Tokay made in Hungary
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Tokay Essencia
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What are the styles of Tokay?
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1. Szamordni
2. Aszu 3. Essence 4. Essencia |
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What is used the measure of sweetness that is added during Tokay production?
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Puttonyos
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What is the name of the barrel/cask used in Hungary
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Gonc (Gonci) = 136 liters
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What wine is Switzerland famous for?
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FENDANT wine (Chasselas grape)
- good with Fondue |
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What is the most important made in Austria?
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Gruner Veltliner
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What are the most important wine regions in Austria?
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1. Wien (Vienna)
2. Wachau 3. Kremstal 4. Kamptal 5. Burgenland |
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Where and when did growers get caught illegally added "antifreeze" chemical to wine to make it sweeter in hopes of reducing production costs?
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1985 Austrian Wine Scandal
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What country used the "Pyramid of Ripeness" to categorize wines.
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Germany
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What is the name used for the unit of weight of the sugar content in German wine?
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Oechsle
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Which category levels in Germany can be Dry, Medium Dry or Sweet?
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Starting with Tafelwein to Auslese
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What category levels in Germany do now allow Chaptalization.
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The QMP category which is from Kabinett to TBA.
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What are the five category levels in QMP rating for German wines?
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Ascending Order for QMP levels.
1. Kabinett 2. Spatlese 3. Auslese 4. Beerenauslese (BA) 5. Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) |
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What is the meaning of Spatlese?
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Late Harvest
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What is the meaning of Auslese?
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Select picking of bunches
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What is the meaning of Beerenauslese?
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Berries select picking
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What is the meaning of Trokenbeerenauslese
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Dry berries before picking
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What is Anbaugebiete?
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1 of 13 regions defined by German wine law
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What is Bereich?
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Large area inside an Anbaugebiete.
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What is a Gemeinde?
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Commune or village
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What is a Grosellage?
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Collection of vineyards
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What is an Einzellage
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A single vineyard
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What does Trocken mean?
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Dry
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What does Halbtrocken mean?
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Half Dry
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These two German words refer to the same thing. What does these mean?
Gutsabfullung Erzeugerabfullung |
Estate bottled
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What is a Weingut?
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Wine estate
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What is a Weinkellerei?
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Wine cellar or Winery
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What does the "AP Nr" mean on a German wine label?
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This is the offical testing number.
First two digits = test station Next two digits = year of the test |
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These two German words mean the same thing. What do these words mean?
Winzergenossenschaft Winzerverein |
Wine grower’s co-op
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What word should be on a German wine label to tell you that it is sourced from Germany in other words a QBA?
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Deutscher
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What is the name of the bottle used in the Franken region of Germany?
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Bocksbeutel
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GERMANY
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
GERMANY
Location: Northern Europe Climate: Cold Continental Soil: Slate - heat retentionq Sandstone Varietals: 1. Riesling 2. Silvaner (German for Pinot Gris) 3. Pinot Gris (Rulander, Grauburgunder) 4. Pinot Noir (Spatburgunder) 5. Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc) 6. Muller Thurgau 7. Gewurztraminer |
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GERMANY
Viticulture Vinification |
Viticulture:
- grapes struggle to ripen - frost is an issue - staked on slopes - following are needed for draining and ripening ---- Must be southern facing ---- Must be on hillside - double cordon training (heart-shaped) ---- allows for maximum sun exposure - issue with high yields Vinification: - mostly white wines - Chaptalization forbidden Kabinett and above categories - Sweet wines - Sussreserve ---- Ferment all sugars (9% to 10% ABV) ---- Then blend back in fresh grape juice (added for sweeteness) |
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GERMANY
Food |
Germany Food
Pork Sauerkraut Full flavored Sausage Schnitzel Goose Cheese -- Limberger -- Munster -- Cambozola = Gorgonzola + Camembert |
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GERMANY
Important Regions |
Anbaugebiete (13 Regions) Best Riesling
1. Mosel-Saar-Ruwer (impt) 2. Ahr 3. Mittelrhein 4. Rheingau (impt) 5. Rheinhessen 6. Nahe (impt) 7. Pfalz (impt) 8. Baden 9. Wurttemberg 10. Franken 11. Hessische Bergstrasse 12. Saale-Unstrut 13. Sachsen |
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What treaty gave preferential tax breaks for imports between Portugal Britain?
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Methuen Treaty of 1703
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What at are the Wine Law levels for Portugal.
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Portugal Wine Law:
1. Vinho de Mesa (VDM) 2. Vinho Regional (VR) 3. Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) 4. Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) |
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PORTUGAL
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
PORTUGAL
Location - Borders Spain in the east Climate 1. Coastal – Maritime 2. Inland – Hot and Dry Soil - Granitic - Sandy - Schist (combo soil mixture) Varietals - Mainly indigenous varietals 1. Alvarinho 2. Encruzado 3. Touriga Nacional (used for Port) 4. Tinto Toriz (Tempranillo) 5. Baga 6. Periquita |
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PORTUGAL
Viticulture Vinification |
PORTUGAL
Viticulture: - lot of steep terraced hillside - hand harvesting - hazard: erosion; skilled labor Vinification - wide variety - dry crisp white - dry tannic reds - fortified sweet wines - slightly sparkling and slightly sweet Roses |
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PORTUGAL
Most important DOC's. |
Portugal - Most Important DOC
1. Vinho Verde DOC (Alvarinho) 2. Duoro DOC (Port wines) 3. Dão DOC (Red-Touriga;Whites - Encruzado) 4. Bairrada (Baga) |
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SPAIN - Wine Law Levels
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Spain Wine Law Levels
1. Vino de Mesa 2. Vino de la Tierra 3. Denominacion de Origen (DO) 4. Denominacion de Origen Califada (DOC or DOCa) |
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What does DO de Page in Spain mean?
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DO de Pago - single estate appellation
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What is the name of the local controlling body for each wine region in Spain?
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Consejo Regulador
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What does Sin Crianza mean in Spanish wine?
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Sin Crianza mean no wood aging and is intended for early consumption
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What Spanish wine category includes the following:
- sold after 2 years at winery - 6 months minimum wood aging for reds |
Crianza
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What Spanish wine category includes the following:
- good wines made from good vintages - sold after minimum 3 years at winery - 1 year oak + 2 years bottle for reds |
Reserva
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What Spanish wine category includes the following:
- best wines made from exceptional vintages - sold after minimum 5 years at winery - 2 year oak + 3 years bottle for reds |
Gran Reserva
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What is the VERY BEST Spanish wine?
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Vega Sicilia (Unico)
- principal grape is Tempranillo |
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What are the DOCa regions in Spain?
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DOCa in Spain
1. Rioja - Tempranillo 2. Priorat - Grenache 3. Ribera del Duero (Tempranillo) |
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SPAIN
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
SPAIN
Location - North borders France - West borders Portugal Climate - Very diverse climate - Mostly Mediterranean - Some Maritime - Some Alpine: higher elevation, cooler - Some Continental - Many regions are arid Soil - Limestone (excellent for drainage) - Patches of clay - Granite - Sand (course) “Phylloxera hates sand” Varietals WHITE 1. Albariño 2. Palomino (used in Sherry) 3. Macabeo (Viura) used in Cava 4. Verdejo 5. Various Muscat varietals 6. International Varietals a. Sauvignon Blanc b. Chardonnay RED 1. Garnacha (Grenache in France, Cannonau in Italy, Sicily and Sardinia) 2. Tempranillo a. King of Spain b. Other names depending on region Cencibel Tinto Fino Tinto del Pais 3. Mazuelo (Cariñena) 4. Graciano 5. Cabernet Sauvignon (more used) 6. Merlot 7. Syrah |
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SPAIN
Viticulture Vinification |
SPAIN
Viticulture: - Largest area under vine due to limited water supply (low density planting ) - Gobelet/Bush wine training (en vaso)Little lollipop trees close to the ground - High average age of vines - Since 1996 irrigation is legal - Crop coverage is done in a lot of places --- Regenerates the soil --- Plant something else --- Helps pollination --- Grasses, different weeds, floral (specific by region) Vinification: - Long periods of oak aging – both red and white - Usually American oak is favored - Modern style --- More fruit driven --- Less oak --- Less tannins --- Less acid --- Higher use of French Oak |
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SPAIN - Most important Regions
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SPAIN - Most important regions
1. Rias Briaxas DO 2. Toro DO 3. Ribera del Duero DOCa 4. Rueda DO 5. Rioja DOCa - Most impt wine region 6. Navarra DO 7. Penedes DO - Most impt Cava area 8. Priorat DOCa 9. La Mancha DO 10. Valdpeñas 11. Jerez – Fortified wines - Sherry 12. Malaga - Fortified wines 13. Montilla-Moriles - Fortified wines |
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SPAIN
Food |
Spain
FOOD Hardy and savory Olive oil Anchovies Ham/sausages Tapas Paella Suckling Pig Manchego |
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What are the wine levels in ITALY?
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Italy wine levels:
1. Vino da Tavola (Table Wine) 2. IGT – Indicazione Geographica Tipica (like VDP) 3. DOC – Denominazione di Origine Controllata (Regional Designation - like AOC) 4. DOCG - Denominazione di Origine Controllata Garantita |
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ITALY
Location Climate Soil Varietals |
ITALY
Location: - Borders Switzerland and Austria in the north - Northwest border is France Climate: - Primarily Mediterranean - Some maritime - Some warm continental - Some mountains / oceans - Restricted micro climates Varietals: Hundreds of varietals Most important – Reds 1. Sangiovese 2. Nebbiolo (superb quality) 3. Grenache (Cannonau – grown in Sardinia) Most important – Whites 1. Trebbiano 2. Malvasia Increased plantings of international varietals 1. Syrah 2. Merlot 3. Ohters |
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ITALY
Viticulture Vinification |
ITALY
Viticulture: - Central / Northeast regions ---- Low density vines ---- High yielding - Southern / Island ---- Higher density ---- Lower yields Vinification: Traditional - Long maceration for red wines - Restricted to local varietals (over 1,000 indigenous varietals) - Large Slovenian oak barrels Modern - Small barrels - Shorter maceration - More fruit, more concentrated |
