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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This is a musical, continuous sound that originates from oscillations in narrowed airways.
A. Crackles B. Stridor C. Wheezing |
C. Wheezing
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This is a nonmusical, discontinous sound.
A. Crackles B. Stridor C. Wheezing |
A. Crackles
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This is a musical sound that occurs in the large airways and usually heard upon inspiration.
A. Crackles B. Stridor C. Wheezing |
B. Stridor
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What are some ddx for a wheezing infant? (9)
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- Anatomic (intrinsic to airway/ obstructive or extrinsic/ compressive)
- asthma - bronchiolitis - wheezing associated with repsiratory illness - GE reflux and aspiration - cystic fibrosis - foreign body (airway or esophageal) - TB - ciliary dyskinesia syndrome |
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The #1 cause of CROUP (breathing difficulty with barking cough) is _____________.
A. adenovirus B. influenza C. parainfluenza D. rhinovirus E. RSV |
parainfluenzae viruses
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The #1 cause of bronchiolitis (child <2 yrs with tachypnea, chest retractions, wheezing w/ or w/o fever, cyanosis, severe respiratory distress). is _______________.
A. adenovirus B. influenza C. parainfluenza D. rhinovirus E. RSV |
E. RSV
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Signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis include upper respiratory infection and lower respiratory infection signs and symptoms. What do these include?
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Upper respiratory:
- nasal congestion, inflammation and rhinorrhea - low grade to moderate fever - possibly otitis Lower respiratory: - "croupy" cough - tachypnea - increased work of breathing (accessory muscle use, retractions) - wheezing, crackles |
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What are characteristics of children with bronchiolitis that need admission?
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- Young age (< 3 months, or preemie)
- hypoxemia - prior history of wheezing or respiratory illness that needed ICU admission - toxic appearance, severe distress, dehydration - history of apnea or cyanosis - unstable social situation |
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Which of the following is NOT indicated for therapy for a child with bronchiolitis?
A. oxygen B. bronchodiolators C. empiric antibiotics D. IV fluids |
C. empiric antibiotics
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What is FALSE about bronchiolitis?
A. Bronchodilators are warranted, but if no response is seen, discontinue therapy. B. Bronchiolitis can usually be prevented with good hand washing and RSV vaccine C. Symptoms can persist for weeks after the initial acute illness. Otherwise, there is no other long term sequelae. |
C. Symptoms can persist for weeks after the initial acute illness. Otherwise, there is no other long term sequelae.
The first part is true but an additional sequelae is that as many as 50% of children hospialized with bronchiolitis will have recurrent wheezing especially with viral upper respiratory infections. |
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RSV, the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis in infants, has an incubation period of _________ days and can persist as an infection for as long as ________ weeks
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incubation period of 5 days, can persist as much as 2-3 weeks
viral shedding can last for weeks though!! |
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What are each of the following findings called in medical terminology?
A. small auricle B. absent auricle C. absent auditory canal |
A. small auricle : microtia
B. absent auricle : anotia C. absent auditory canal : atresia |
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Which of the tuning forks are useful for testing hearing?
A. 128 Hz B. 256 Hz C. 512 Hz |
B. 256 Hz
C. 512 Hz The 128 Hz is used for vibrotactile sensation and should not be used for testing hearing. |
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What should normal outcomes for the Weber and Rhinne tests be?
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WEBER: In normal hearing individuals or people with equal hearing loss in both ears, sound should be audible in the center of the head when the tuning fork is placed on the top of the head.
RHINNE: In a normal hearing individual as well as in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction >> bone conduction. |
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What ear condition is described?
bony protuberance of boney ear canal covered by skin. Can block visualization of TM |
Exostoses
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Which ear condition is a LIFE THREATENING PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION common in diabetics or other immuno compromised patients. Signs and symptoms include: *otalgia, purulent drainage, * cranial nerve paralysis, * pathognomonic sign: granulation tissue in the inferior aspect of the external auditory canal.
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Necrotizing otitis externa (malignant)
Treatment is ear canal debridement, appriopriate systemic antibiotics and control od diabetes or other associated disorder |
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This ear condition usually follows acute otitis media, can also be due to barotrauma, obstruction or dysfunction of eustachian tubes, allergies or be idiopathic.
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otitis media with effusion where serous or mucoid fluid accumulates in the middle ear
most common cause of hearing loss in children incidence and prevalence peaks in preschool years |
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This ear condition is a cystic structure lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium originating from TM and extending towards the middle ear and mastoid cavity. Very bad deal since tissues around the wal of the cholesteatoma have enzymatic properties and can dissolve bone
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Cholesteatoma
Includes: * purulent ear drainage * perforation of the tympanic membrane and accumulation of keratin debris * hearing loss * pain, dizziness, facial paralysis are indicative of complications |
