What Is Research

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It is a step by step process of investigation that uses standardized approach in answering questions or solving problems.

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Research

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What are the 5 characteristics of Research?

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1. Systematic

2. Objective

3. Feasible

4. Empirical

5. Clear

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It is a characteristic of research were there is a system to follow in conducting research as there is a system for formulating each of its parts.

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Systematic

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What are the two types of systematic research?

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Macrosystem and Microsystem

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It is a type of systematic research which is composed of chapters that are organized in a logical scientific manner.

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Macrosystem

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It is a type of systematic research which consist of the detailed contents of each chapter.

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Microsystem

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It is a characteristic of research that analyzing phenomena of importance to any profession. The researcher should objectively look at the basis on which the work founded.

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Objective

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It is a characteristic of research which means its possible.

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Feasible

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It is a characteristic of research which is based on experience.

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Empirical

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It is a characteristic of research that the choices of variables used in the study should be explained by the researcher.

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Clear

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What are the research paradigm?

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1. Research foundation

2. Research problem

3. Purpose of research

4. Research questions

5. Conceptual framework

6. Research methodology

7. Review of literature

8. Research approach and design

9. Data collection

10. Data analysis

11. Conclusion

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_____ refers to fundamental components of research such as research problem, purpose, specific questions to be addressed, and the conceptual framework to be applied.

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Research foundations

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_____ describing the undesirable situations related to the problem and the needed knowledge.

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Research problem

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_____ describes how the study will fill this knowledge gap.

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Purpose of research

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_____ may either be framed in a quantitative or qualitative manner.

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Research questions

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_____ outline of the pradigm that presents the topics to be studied, the various variables and context, and how these relate to or influence each other.

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Conceptual framework

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_____ describes how the researcher will answer the research questions in an incredible manner.

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Research methodology

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_____ analyze the existing knowledge regarding the research topic.

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Review of literature

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_____ identifies what is best means to collect and analyze data in the study. The design is used to clarify and improve the research problem, purpose, and questions.

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Research approach and design

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_____ gives the methods to determine who will be the participants in the study, how the variables will be measured, and how the data will be documented and collected.

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Data collection

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_____ summarizes the key results of the study and discusses how these are relevant to the research problem.

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Conclusion

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The collected data will undergo ______, which consist of the strategies and methods that makes sense of the data to answer the research problem and questions.

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Data analysis

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_____ is the probability of research.

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Hypothesis

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Nothing is certain

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_____ try to help us show extent to which our results really do support the hypothesis.

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Statistical technique

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_____ is the cause, reason of the problem.

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Independent variable

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_____ is the effect, the problem itself.

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Dependent variable

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It is the original statement of and idea.

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Thesis

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It is an argument to challenge a previous thesis.

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Antithesis

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It is a new argument from existing sources.

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Synthesis

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_____ systematically observe changes in the phenomena of interest while manipulating what are believed to be causal influences, using experimental method (statistics).

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Quantitative research

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_____ may be more concerned with the individual's personal experiences of the problem under study, interpreted in the form of text.

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Qualitative research

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What are the nature and characteristics of research?

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1. Systematic

2. Controlled

3. Empirical

4. Inquiry

5. Subject

6. Problem solving

7. Method

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_____ examine topics on a step-by-step procedure rather than plunge hap-hazardly into sources of data, following generally accepted principles.

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Systematic

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_____ the degree to which the observation are controlled and alternative explanations of the outcome are ruled out.

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Controlled

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_____ points to the need to gather factual data and to set subjective reality and have findings open to further scrutiny and testing.

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Empirical

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It is the why research.

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Inquiry

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It is the what of research.

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Subject / Topic

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It is the essence of research in finding out the answer to the problem raised more specifically, addressing the objectives formulated.

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Problem solving

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It is the how of research.

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Method

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What are the kinds of research according to purpose?

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1. Predictive / Prognostic

2. Directive

3. Illuminative

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It has the purpose to determine the future operation of the variables under investigation.

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Predictive / Prognostic

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It determines what should be done based on the findings.

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Directive

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It is concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being investigated.

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Illuminative

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Kinds of research according to goal.

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1. Basic / Pure

2. Applied Research

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It is done for the development of theories and principles. _____ is often considered researching for the sake of increasing knowledge.

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Basic / Pure

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It focuses on practical problems such as climate change in order to come up with solutions to better improve an existing condition.

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Applied research

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Kinds of research according to the level of investigation.

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1. Exploratory

2. Descriptive

3. Experimental

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The researcher does a study of the variables pertinent to a specific situation. It is a type of research conducted because a problem has not been clearly defined.

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Exploratory

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The researcher does a study of the relationship of the variables. It is also called statistical research.

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Descriptive

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The researcher does a study of the effects of the variables on each other.

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Experimental

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Kinds of research according to types of analysis.

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1. Analytic Approach

2. Holistic Approach

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The researcher attempts to identify and isolate the components of the research situations.

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Analytic Approach

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This begins with the total situation, focusing attention on the systems first and on its internal relationships.

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Holistic Approach

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Kind of research according to scope.

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Action research

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It involves the application of the steps of the scientific method in the classroom problems.

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Action Research

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Kinds of research according to choice of answers to problems.

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1. Evaluation

2. Development

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These are all possible courses of action, which are specified and identified in which researchers try to find out most advantageous.

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Evaluation

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This focuses in the findings or developing a more suitable instrument or process that has been available.

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Development

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Kinds of research according to statistical content.

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1. Quantitative / statistical research

2. Non-quantitative research

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This type of research usually includes comparison studies and cause and effect relationships.

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Non quantitative research

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This type of research is used for quantity or statistics, descriptive data are gathered rather than qualitative data.

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Quantitative or Statistical Research

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_____ are norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

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Ethics

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It establishes the moral integrity of the researchers which is crucial as it ensures that he research findings are valid and trustworthy.

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Research ethics

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What are the ethical principles that researchers must observe?

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1. Objectivity

2. Integrity

3. Carefulness

4. Openness

5. Respect for intellectual property

6. Confidentiality

7. Social Responsibility

8. Competence

9. Legality

10. Animal Care

11. Human Subjects Protection

12. Honesty

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It is an ethical principle means do not fabricate, falsify or misinterpresent data.

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Honesty

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It is an ethical principle means to respect human dignity, privacy and autonomy.

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Human Subject Protection

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It is an ethical principle means to show respect and care for animals.

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Animal Care

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It is an ethical principle means to know and obey relevant laws.

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Legality

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It is an ethical principle means to maintain and improve your own professional competence.

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Competence

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It is an ethical principle means to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research.

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Social Responsibility

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It is an ethical principle means to protect confidential communications and personal information of the respondents.

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Confidentiality

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It is an ethical principle means to honor patents and copyrights.

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Respect for intellectual property

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It is an ethical principle means to share data and be open to criticisms and new ideas.

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Openness

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It is an ethical principle means to keep records of research activities.

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Carefulness

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It is an ethical principle means to keep your promise and agreements.

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Integrity

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It is an ethical principle means to avoid or minimize bias or self-deception.

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Objectivity

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Kinds of research according to time allotment.

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1. Historical research

2. Descriptive research

3. Experimental research

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Kinds of research according to the types of research.

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1. Propriety research

2. Scholarly research

3. Behavioural research

4. Phenomenological research

5. Communication research

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Accordiing to types of research, this is conducted for a specific audience and is not shared beyond.

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Propriety research

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According to the types of research, this promotes public access to knowledge.

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Scholarly research

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According to the types of research, this is based on the belief that objective knowledge is obtained through careful and systematic observation and measurement of what people do.

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Behavioural research

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According to the types of research, this is based on the belief that what people do depend on what they perceive or what goes in their minds.

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Phenomenological research

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According to the types of research, this is an investigation of the five communication elements where possibly.

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Communication research

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This refers to the performance of the communicator.

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Control analysis (source)

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This determines the nature and characteristics of message, manifestation of any of the scopes and themes, slant and treatment, text or visuals and the message appeal.

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Content analysis (message)

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This refers to the media's comparative advantages, media features, and costs.

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Media analysis (channel)

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This concerns audience behavior, tastes, interests, and opinions.

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Audience analysis (receiver)

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This is to know the current trends in such areas are community media system, information diffusion, media socialization, children and television.

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Impact analysis (effects)

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It is anything in a research situation that varies and can be measured.

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Variable

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It is the plan used to study a problem or issue.

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Research design

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It is a tentative statement about how one or more variables are related.

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Hypothesis

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It is a forecast in hypothesis.

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Prediction

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It is a type of hypothesis which deals with purpose.

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Statement of purpose

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It is a type of hypothesis which asks questions.

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Question

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It is a particular individuals used in the research.

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Subject

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It is a group of subjects in experimental research not receiving the experimental conditions or treatment.

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Control group

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A measure of the extent to which two or more variables have a systematic relationships.

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Correlation

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It is the variable researchers make the acted upon variable.

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Dependent variable

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It is the influencing variable in experimental research, the one to which researcher attributes causation which each research project is unique in some ways.

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Independent variable

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A type of hypothesis which is more specific.

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Directional hypothesis