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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Domestic system
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Cotton woven into cloth in homes (inefficient, pre-industral)
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John Kay
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Flying shuttle: replaced domestic system, speeding up weaving process
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Spinning Jenny
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John Hargreaves invention; able to spin vast amounts of thread
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Ely Whitney
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Cotton gin
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Root of industrial revolution was in...
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textiles (at first, in Britain)
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Thomas Newcomer
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Invented the steam engine (James Watt improved)
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Who invented steam engine?
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NOT James Watt (he improved it); Thomas Newcomer
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Robert Fulton
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Built first steamship
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George Stephenson
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First steam-powered locomotive
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Telegraph
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Samuel Morse
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Telephone
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Lightbulb
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Edison
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Internal Combustion Engine
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Gottlieb Daimler (Daimler Chrysler, anyone?)
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Radio
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Marconi Gugliemlo
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Airplane
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Orville and Wilbur Wright
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Charles Darwin
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Natural selection
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Interchangeable parts
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Eli Whitney
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Assembly line
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Henry Ford
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Charles Dickens
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Wrote on the despair of daily life as a factory worker
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Adam Smith
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The Wealth of Nations; concept of private ownership: CAPITALISM
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Laissez-faire capitalism
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When governments completely remove themselves from the economy ("pure" capitalism)
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Karl Marx
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Communist Manifesto (wrote it with Friedrich Engels)
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Luddites
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European workers who destroyed equip in factories in middle of the night
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Factory Act of 1883
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British parliament; restricted children in factories, required cleaner conditions, and limited daily work hours
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Social mobility
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Ability to move amongst classes
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What caused emergence of middle class in Industrial Revolution?
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Factory Act of 1883, labor unions, and the realization that happy laborers are productive laborers
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Women's suffrage movement
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1928, got women the right to vote
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2 negative impacts on environment from IR
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Pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources
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European justification for colonization
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We are better than them we're helping them!
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Rudyard Kipling
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"White Man's Burden"
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Jute
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VERY strong fiber used for ropes (from India)
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Robert Clive
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Conquered modern Bangladesh for the British East India Company (yes, a CORPORATION)
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Sepoys
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Indians who worked for the British (mostly as soldiers)
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Effect of the sepoy rebellion?
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British parliament steps in, destroys Mughal empire, and Queen Victoria made Empress of India
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What started Sepoy rebellion?
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British weren't nice to sepoys, and the bullet cartridges were greased with pork fat (oops)
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Opium War
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British wage war on China for banning opium; Treaty of Nanjing signed
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Treaty of Nanjing
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China signed this after losing Opium War; gave British a lot of rights to trade w/ China
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White Lotus Rebellions
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Led by Buddhists who were frustrated over taxes and gov corruption
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Taiping Rebellion
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Almost caused fall of Chinese gov
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Sino-French War
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French take Vietnam from China and make it a colony
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Sino-Japanese War
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Forced signing of Treaty of Shimonoseki; China hands over Taiwan & Korea
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Treaty of Shimonoeski
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Conclusion of Sino-Japanese War; China hands over Taiwan & Korea
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Spheres of influence
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Not quite colonies, but Europeans invested heavily, built military bases, set up business, trans, and comm operations, etc.
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Open Door Policy
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U.S. pledged to support sovereignty of Chinese gov and announced equal trading privileges
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Boxer Protocol
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Manchu gov had to pay Europeans for the cost of them quelling the Boxer Rebellion and formally apologize
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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Arrived in Japan w/ steamboat, amazed Japanese, they realized they needed to get out of isolation
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Treaty of Kanagawa
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Allowed European (and U.S.) powers more influence in Japan
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Meiji Restoration
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Restored emperor to power; westernized and industrialized the country
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Russo-Japanese War
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Japanese oust Russia from the region
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Boers
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The Dutch of S Africa
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Boer War
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S African Boers discovered gold, British come and fight them for access
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African National Congress
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British colonists only allowed white men to vote, this gave power to everyone
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Muhammad Ali
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Gained control of Egypt in 1805; began industrialization
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Abbas I
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Egypt; constructed Suez Canal
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Berlin Conference
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Discussed colonialism in Africa, drawing boundary lines between nations
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French and Indian War is also called...
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7 Years' War
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Seven Years' War
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Fought between Engalnd & France (England wins) in both Europe and N America
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Thomas Paine
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"Common Sense" (pamphlet): supported American independence movement
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General Cornwallis
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Led British army against US
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3 Estates
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1: Clergy
2: Nobles 3: Everyone else |
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National Assembly
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Created by Third Assembly after they were just fed up with the Estates General system
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Based on American Declaration of Ind and writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau; declaration by National Assembly in France
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What was wrong with the National Assembly's constituion?
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It created a constitutional monarchy (not a democracy), so the Convention was created
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Convention
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Abolished the National Assembly's monarchy and created republic
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Who led the convention?
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Jacobins
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Committee of Public Safety
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Appointed Maximilien Robespierre; murdered tens of thousands
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Who came first: Robespierre or Bonaparte?
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Robespierre -> Bonaparte
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Directory
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Napoleon overthrew this
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Napoleonic Codes
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Recognized equality of French citizens (men)
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Napoleon's decline?
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He invaded Russia and his army began to die out in the winter
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Waterloo
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Napoleon removed from gov, then he came back for one last fight--Waterloo--and lost.
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Congress of Vienna
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Napoleon is gone, what do we do with France and all of its land?
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Pierre Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Haiti slave, led revolt against French; Dessalines succeeds
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Jacques Dessalines
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Succeeds Ouverture (Haiti); makes the state first ind nations in Latin America!
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Simon Bolivar
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Revolutionary in Venezuela; ind from Spain
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Jose de San Martin
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Spaniard who helped the rebels win independence in Argentina, Chile, Peru, etc etc (worked with Bolivar)
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Pedro
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Son of John VI (Portuguese king)that declared Brazilian independence (ironically)
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Miguel Hidalgo
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Led revolt against Spain in Mexico; his effort failed and he was executed
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Jose Morelos
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After Hidalgo, continued revolutionary movement against Mexico; killed by elites b/c he was going to redistro land to poor
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Emmanuel & Cavour
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Leader & PM in Italy; led unification efforts
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Garibaldi
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Italian nationalist, began volunteer army
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Otto Von Bismarck
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Germany; helped to unify the country militarily (e.g. took over Austria)
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Franco-Prussian War
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France vs Prussia; consolidated French control of Germanic regions
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Emancipation Edict
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Issued by Alexander II of Russia; abolished serfdom (didn't really work)
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The People's Will
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Group in Russia; assassinated Alexander II
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Russification
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Everyone in the region expected to learn language and convert to Russian Orthodoxy
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Nicholas II
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Bloody Sunday guy, failed Japan attack, created Duma, etc.
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Bloody Sunday
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Nicholas II (Russia) opens fire on peaceful protesters
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Duma
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Russian body intended to represent Russian people
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Why didn't Britain/France want the Ottoman empire to fall?
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Russians would take over the territory
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Monroe Doctrine
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Intended to keep Europeans out of recolonizing the U.S. (Britain supports)
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Roosevelt Corollary
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US will intervene in financial disputes between Europe & Latin America if it will maintain peace
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How did Latin America see Monroe Doctrine/Roosevelt Corollary?
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They saw it as the U.S.'s own brand of imperialism
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Spanish-American War
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Launched by U.S. against Spain in order to free Cuba and Puerto Rico
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