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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the basic ideals that organized Ancient Greek society?
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1. arete
2. xenia 3. reciprocity 4. ergon |
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arete
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excellence and virtue especially in character
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xenia
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hospitality and being guest-friendly
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reciprocity
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people helping one another (eg. loans and repaying them)
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ergon
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good hard work
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why was it important for Greeks to share similar ideals?
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1. if all Greeks have similar values, then they will treat each other as equals
2. allowed traveling Greeks to feel at home wherever they were |
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Athens vs. Sparta: government
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A: democracy
S: monarchy; 2 kings and 28 other leaders |
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Athens vs. Sparta: citizens and government
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A: people serve as jurors
S: people in military forever |
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Athens vs. Sparta: education
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A: focus on learning, get ready for government
S: courage, endurance and obedience - prepare for military |
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Athens vs. Sparta: ideal citizens
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A: confident, male, assertive, intelligent
S: soldier, married, educated, brave |
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How did geography affect politics in Greece?
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Athens: part of the mainland, so it was difficult to defend
Sparta: an island, isolated, easier to defend |
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How did geography affect Greek economic structure?
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1. the tarde from island to island
2. hard to travel with the high mountians to trade |
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Homer
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a blind poet who traveled from village to village and he inspired European writers and artists
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Democracy
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government by the people
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Socrates
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A man who came up with a theory and a method to gain more knowledge
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Socratic method
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he would walk up to a group and say a random a question and listen to the other people's opinions and that would create the theory of gaining knowledge
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How were the values and beliefs of the Greeks reflected in their arts?
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their art was based on the stories of the gods and the different values
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the "classical ideal" in the arts
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1.Portraits
2.Interior Décor 3.The Classical Nude 4.Glassblowing 5.Gems 6.Wreaths |
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Lords
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landowner
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vassals
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person who receives land from lord
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knights
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men who defended their lords' land
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serfs
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people who could not leave the place they were born
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fief
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granted land
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manor
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the lord's estate
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tithe
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church tax
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sacraments
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sacred rites
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excommunication
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christians that disobeyed the church
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hierarchy
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the different ranks that people had
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stained glass
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windows that were illustrated the stories from the Bible (not many people knew how to read)
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Gothic Architecture
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a cathedral that reached "up to the heavens"
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The Plague
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A DEADLY DISEASE!!!! it killed 1/3 of Europe's population
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Pope Urban II
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a person who convinced everyone to go into war
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Flying buttress
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arks that transferred weight to the exterior walls
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feudal contract
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an agreement when the lord would give land to the vassal in exchange for protection
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decentralization
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land that was spread from 1 King to many different Lords; grandsons fightin and invasions
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Individualism
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an idea that allows individual thinking
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Humanism
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intelectual movement focused on human potential achievements
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Secular
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concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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Renaissance
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a time period that changed the culture, art, learning and views of the world
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vernacular
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the language that was spoken everyday
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William Shakespeare
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he was a Famous English play writer (plays about emotion)
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Michelangelo
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1475-1564 Italian sculpture, painter, poet, and architect
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Erasmus
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dutch scholar, leading humanist, a writer
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Machiavelli
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1469-1527 Itlian Politician and author wrote ( The Prince ) supported a moral
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prespective
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artistic technique that created the appearance of 3-D on a flat surface
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Predestination
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the doctrine that God has decided all things before hand, including which people will be eternally saved
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the Council of Trent
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a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by to Protestant reformers
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Catholic Reformation
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a 16th-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation
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Anglican Church
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relating to the churh of England
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Reformation
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a 16th century movement for religios reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority
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