Western Civilization Iii - Unit 1 - Definitions

Front 1

Define MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE

Back 1

1757 - 1834
French Aristocrat - Military Officer
General during the American Revolutionary War
Leader of "Garde Nationale" during the French Revolution

NV

Front 2

Define ANCIEN REGIME

Back 2

The Monarchic, Aristocratic, Social and Political System established in the Kingdom of France from approximately the 15th century to the late 18th century (early modern France), under the late Valois and Bourbon dynasties.

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Front 3

Define ESTATES GENERAL

Back 3

A legislative assembly, under the Old Regime, of the different classes of French subjects. Held no actual power; served as an advisory board to the king.

NV

Front 4

Define PARLEMENTS

Back 4

Regional legislative and judicial bodies in Ancien Régime France.

NV

Front 5

Define SIEYES

Back 5

1748 - 1836
French Roman Catholic clergyman and political writer. One of the chief political theorists to the French Revolution. Wrote the 1789 pamphlet "What is the Third Estate", which became a manual for the French Revolution.

NV

Front 6

Define TENNIS COURT OATH

Back 6

Pivotal event during first days of the French Revolution. It was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members of the Third Estate, who had been locked out of a Estates-General meeting on June 20, 1789.

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Front 7

Define BASTILLE

Back 7

Fortress in Paris that played a critical role in the internal conflicts of France. Formerly used by French kings as a prison. Built approximately 1370 - 1380. On July 14th, 1789 (during the French Revolution)it was stormed by a crowd.

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Front 8

Define JACOBIN

Back 8

The most famous and influential political club in the development of the French Revolution.

NV

Front 9

Define ASSIGNATS

Back 9

Paper money issued from 1789 to 1796 during the French Revolution by the National Assembly in France. These certificates represented the value of church properties.

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Front 10

Define GIRONDINS

Back 10

Also known as Brissotins, they were a political faction in France in 1792 - 1793, within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention during the French Revolution. They faced mass execution, which began the Reign of Terror.

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Front 11

Define SANS-CULOTTES

Back 11

The radical left-wing partisans of the lower classes; typically urban labourers, which dominated France. Though ill-clad and ill-equipped, they made up the bulk of the Revolutionary army during the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars.

NV

Front 12

Define ROBESPIERRE

Back 12

1758 - 1794
French lawyer and politician, and one of the best-known and most influential figures of the French Revolution. an important figure during the period of the Revolution commonly known as the Reign of Terror, which ended a few months after his arrest and execution in July 1794.

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Front 13

Define LEVEE EN MASSE

Back 13

Meaning "mass uprising" or "mass mobilization", originated as a French term for mass conscription during the French Revolutionary Wars, particularly for the one from 16 August 1793.

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Front 14

Define "TEMPLES OF REASON"

Back 14

The Temple of Reason was, during the French Revolution, a temple for a new belief system created to replace Christianity: the Cult of Reason, which were based on the ideals of atheism and humanism.

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Front 15

Define CONSPIRACY OF EQUALS

Back 15

Also known as the Society of the Panthéon, it was an extremist faction within the French Revolution led by François-Noël Babeuf.

NV

Front 16

Define NAPOLEON

Back 16

1769 - 1821
French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.

NV

Front 17

Define TRAFALGAR

Back 17

The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition (August - December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815).
The battle was the most decisive naval victory of the war.

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Front 18

Define AUSTERLITZ

Back 18

The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, on December 2, 1805, was one of Napoleon's greatest victories, where the French Empire effectively crushed the Third Coalition. Napoleon suffered 1,300 casualties compared to Russo-Austrian's 15,000.

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Front 19

Define GOYA

Back 19

The Third of May 1808 is a painting completed in 1814 by the Spanish painter Francisco Goya, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. In the work, Goya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808 in the Peninsular War.

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Front 20

Define CONCORDAT OF 1801

Back 20

The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII, signed on 15 July 1801. It solidified the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and brought back most of its civil status.

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Front 21

Define BORODINO

Back 21

The Battle of Borodino, fought on September 7, 1812, was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the French invasion of Russia and the Napoleonic Wars, involving more than 250,000 troops and resulting in at least 70,000 casualties.

NV

Front 22

Define TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE

Back 22

1743 - 1803
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, nicknamed The Black Napoleon, was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. His military genius and political acumen transformed an entire society of slaves into the independent state of Haiti.

NV