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48 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Napolean Bonaparte
(birth, childhood, etc) |
*Born in corsica 1769
*petty noble family *attended Military School at 8 yrs old. *Known as "Child of the Enlightenment" |
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Napolean (marriage, war, etc)
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*wanted power
*married Josephine becuase she was powerful and she knew the right ppl |
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Where does the Napoleanic War begins?
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*Napolean led the french to Italy to defeat Austria and won
*Austrians were forced to agree to the "Treaty of Campo Formio" *Victories in Italy spread the ideal of the French Revolution |
Treaty of Campo Formio- signed in Oct 1797 by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl.
*The treaty marked the victorious conclusion to Napoleon's campaigns in Italy, *the collapse of the First Coalition, *and the end of the first phase of the French Revolutionary Wars. |
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What happened at the War in Europe?
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*He was ultimately defeated
*He took scholars, historians, scientists, and artists along with the troops. he fled Europe after being ultimately defeated and left his ppl and troops behind because he didn't want to be humiliated and seem like a loser. Napolean let his men and troops take the blame for his lost. |
he fled Europe after being ultimately defeated and left his ppl and troops behind because he didn't want to be humiliated and seem like a loser. Napolean let his men and troops take the blame for his lost.
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What did the troops bring when they were going to war that we still use today?
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Brought up the "Rosetta Stone" to translate and "crack the code" of hieroglyphics
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What happened in 1799 and how did he come to rule?
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*Napolean overthrew the Directory Government
*he became first consul under the new government *by 1802 he held this position for life *1804 he proclaimed himself emperor |
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What were Napolean's Achievements? (Name 5)
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*improved french economy
*more efficient government -created the Bank of France *Napoleonic Code- "everyone is equal before the law" -later accepted as the law for the country *set up public schools, honors, and stability for France *Concordat of 1801- made peace with the Catholic Church and restored good relations |
*ppl began liking him ALOT
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What was Napolean's "dark side"?
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*Napoleonic code deprived women of their rights
-men were given power over women -wasn't always fair to everyone (class rankings/status played a role) *was more about authority than equality. *didn't like criticism -created a secret police force |
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What was Napolean's Ultimate Goal?
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to have a lot of power but most importantly to...
****CREATE A NEW EMPIRE**** |
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When was Napolean unbeatable and when was he stopped?
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*he was unbeatable on land from 1805-1810
*He was stopped by Britain (Battle of Trafalgar saved England from invasion) shark vs. tiger |
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What is the "Grand Empire"?
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-Expanded France
-dependent states -allied states |
*dependent states-spain, holland, italy, Swis Republic, grand duchy of warsaw, and the confederation of the Rhine
*Allied states- prussia, austria, russia, and swedan |
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what are dependent states?
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countries that are led and ran by Napoleon's family and friends
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What are allied states?
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countries that were defeated by Napolean but weren't conquered but were forced to bend to his will
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What changes occurred in the empire?
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Napoleonic Code became accepted as the law
*nobles and clergy lose privileges because things are now based off of merit and not birth *spread liberal ideas |
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What is nationalism?
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pride, values, and languages that ppl of a nation are proud of
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*spread by french armies
*nationalism showed that common ppl, united by national beliefs and pride could accomplish something collectively ***This caused other countries to develop and display nationalism too*** ***A NEW FORCE WAS UNLEASHED*** |
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What was the Continental System and what did it lead to?
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*trying to block Britain from trading with other countries.
*1812 Russia decides not to listen to Napolean. *600,000 men were gathered and marched into Russia. *russia don't play by the book and they continue to retreat until the winter time comes. (very cold winters) *only 100,000 men returned |
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What was Napolean's Fall?
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*in 1813- Britain, Russia, Prussia, & Austria banded together against Napolean.
*1814- Paris fell and Napolean was abdicated (gave up his throne) and was sent to Elba |
*Louis XVIII took Napolean's spot on the throne.
*Diplomats started meeting in Vienna to start redrawing the map of Europe. |
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Describe Napolean's return and his downfall.
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*fled Elba and returned to France
-many soldiers were happy to see him *Allies sent another force against him |
***Battle of Waterloo***
*June 18,1815 was the defeat of Napolean -"met his waterloo" is a saying that originated bc of this event -sent him to Saint Helena which is where he later dies in 1821 |
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Describe Napolean's Box
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*he unleashed nationalism and liberalism
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-liberalism was generated by the french revolution
-and in reaction to Napolean...nationalism began to spread. ***these 2 forces and the reactions to them will be the most defining characteristics fo the modern world. |
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What is a revolution?
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a fundamental change that produces something new
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Describe the goods (price, length of making, etc)
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they were very expensive bc it took so much time to make items. there was alot of time invested into goods.
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What is the amount of ppl in Europe that were agricultural workers?
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***8/10 had to be agricultural workers just to make enough food to feed Europeans
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*lots of hard work goes into farming
*and very little has changed about the agricultural process....thats why it takes so long |
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What was the agricultural routine?
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-practiced crop rotation-when you allow 1/2 or 1/3 of your land to lay fallow (remain empty) for one year
-Worked together with the community to farm the land |
-many workers rented land from landlords. so they couldn't just make decisions on their own about they wanted to do with the land because it wasn't enough to feed yourself with. So you had to work together. This also restricted ppl from trying new ideas while farming
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What are the reasons for the Baby Boom?
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-no wars
-fewer diseases -better nutrition -better fed -which lead to longer lifespans |
****this baby boom is what lead to a change in the agricultural methods.
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What were the 2 new changes in agriculture?
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1. Techniques were modified (tried new ways of doing things)
2. Shift from subsistence (specialized- you do what you are good at) |
this sped up the agricultural processing of food
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What were the better techniques in using all of the land? (name 2)
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1. fodder crops
2. Four crop rotation- go back and forth btw planting a crop and a fodder crop fodder crops are the crops that you feed your animals. by using fodder crops the land is always in use, more food to eat, and poop from animals was used as fertilizer. |
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What was the pros and cons of enclosures?
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Pros:
-allowed landowners to make better decisions about marketable crops -made farming more efficient -FOOD PRODUCTION MORE THAN DOUBLED!!!! |
Cons:
-Many ppl lost their jobs bc landowners considered them as excess -many ppl lost their traditional way of living |
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How much food did each worker produce?
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****each worker produced enough food to feed 1.7 ppl in 1700.
-able to feed 2.5 in 1800 |
England was leading in the revolution
* the surplus of food lead to choose from leads to the industrial revolution |
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What 4 things were important to the Industrial Revolution?
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1. water
2. coal 3. mentality 4. Capital (money) |
*water was a form of security bc navy keeps britain safe and easy communication. (70 mi from ocean and 30 mi from river)
*coal was the fuel for the great steam engines and plus they were near the surface even though the mines flooded very easily *Mentality is when ppl took risk and became entrepreneurs . they were highly valued. british govt passed laws to support the collaboration of the entrepreneurs working with the british ppl *Britain was wealthy and believed in investing |
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Where did people begin working?
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They began working in the factories after they lost their jobs in the fields.
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*workers were considered "fodder for the great satanic mill"
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What item was in high demand in Britain?
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a cheap durable good like cotton
-craftsmenship/artisans were the ones that were engaging in this idea |
*cotton was the first item to ever be mass produced
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What is a cottage industry and what were the disadvantages?
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having many steps that products go thru to be produced?
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Disadvantages:
1. dishonesty (ppl steal materials) 2. natural disaster (hurricane or flooding) 3. quality control (you don't know if everyone is fully doing their job or if they took their time to do it correctly? |
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Who invented the Flying Shuttle and what did it do?
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John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733 and it sped up the weaving process
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Who created the spinning jenny and what was it used for?
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James Hargreaves created the spinning jenny in 1768 to speed up the thread production process. It produced 8 spindles at once. (mass production)
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*mass production-when one worker can do the work of many other workers by themselves.
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Water Frame and its problems?
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Richard Arkwright invented a bigger version of the spinning jenny that produced better thread
problems: 1. big, heavy,and cant turn it very easily 2. horse nor water wheel could fit into the house. ***this led to the building of factories. started the idea that you have to leave home to go to work |
problems:
1. big, heavy,and cant turn it very easily 2. horse nor water wheel could fit into the house. ***this led to the building of factories. started the idea that you have to leave home to go to work |
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Power Loom
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created by Edmund Cartwright
-alleviates many of the previous problems -automated loom |
new villages sprung up around the factories bc ppl didn't have a source of transportation to get to work
-but the production shut down when the weather was bad |
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How did Steam Power impact the industrial revolution?
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*1769 Jame Watt perfected the steam engine
*Newcomen actually invented it -coal is important but the mines flood everytime it rains you can work year round with 3 shifts now since you have steam power |
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What was the treatment and working conditions of the factories?
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working conditions were bad
*lint in hair and lungs *felt like prison *very little freedom had plenty of rules 1. must be on time (might lose a whole day pay) 2. no talking 3.don't leave your working station unless you were on break (only got a 1 hr break out of a 15 hr work day) *working conditions were awful *everyone was treated like a child -some of the workers were children |
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What was the dark side of the Revolution?
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-children were brutally beaten and abused instead of losing their pay
-even though it was bad ppl were still going to work in factories because that was the only way to make money |
example:
-a kid was scalped at work and the boss poured hot tar on the kid's head instead of taking him to seek medical care |
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What were industrial cities and why were they formed?
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Industrial cities grew overnight very close to the factories bc ppl didn't have a way back and forth to work
-needed housing around factories so they can get to work -TERRIBLE living conditions -boss lived away from the factories (suburbs) so they didn't know how bad the conditions were. -children weren't getting an education -some ppl lived under the nasty courtyard |
*everything was done in the courtyard
-washed clothes -took a bath -emptied trash -emptied toilet pot -animals lived there -children played there -AND you always get your drinking water from the same place |
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What were the hopes for happiness?
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-earlier marriages lead to more children and larger families( more kids=more money)
-attending church (Methodist accepted the factory workers but they preached about hard work) -played soccer, and stick ball in the free time - |
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Alcohol
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-was a favorite pass time for the workers
-taverns were open on sunday -"Holy Monday" workers didn't report to work on Mondays because of hangovers -kids even got drunk -created a culture of dealing with problems |
-FORMING UNIONS WERE ILLEGAL
-if you formed a union to protest the working conditions you wouldn't be able to get another job anywhere else. (Black-listed) |
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What is the "People's Charter"?
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***"People's Charter" universal manhood suffrage
--list of demands which failed -allowed men to vote -secret ballot (you use to have to put your name on the ballots when you voted so everyone can know who you were voting for. this led to many fights and riots) -was designed to make the town more democratic ***1830 workers didn't have liberal rights*** |
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What was the "Friendly Societies"?
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***started as an informal insurance company
-get together and pull resources -started as insurance clubs -ceremonies gave ppl a sense of worth -helped ppl take care of each other |
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What did the Parliment's investigation of the working conditions in factories do?
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***Factory Acts of 1833-
1. forbid employing kids under the age of 9 2. limted hours 3. set up schools for ppl who worked for the factories -Later the act led to the fact of not hiring children to work in factories -also it later mentioned women and their labor |
Restriction on Child Labor hours:
-9-13 works 8 hours -14-18 works only 12 hours |
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Describe the "Family Circle"
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-men were the workers
-women stayed at home and took care of the kids -home is safe and the outside is bad **examples of the "ideal family" |
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What were the names of the bosses of the factories?
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-"Manchester men"
-New men" - they can't vote either and the govt shouldn't interfere (lassius fair) |
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The major points of the Industrial Revolution?
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-changes all of Europe
-makes ppl free (gets them off the fields) -wages went up -showed social classes (importance) |
-can't imagine our lives without it
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