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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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March on Rome
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- 50,000 fascists join
- The king, Victor Emmanuel III, invites Mussolini to become prime minister |
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Acerbo Law
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- Mussolini tells the legislators that if they don't vote for his law he will call for a new election
- Abolishes proportional representation - Party with 25% of vote receives 2/3 of legislative seats |
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Bloody Sunday
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- January 9, 1905
- from the Russo-Japanese War - peaceful demonstration turns bloody - When they get close the army will charge the crowd - 300 die 1,000 injured - Father Gapon |
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Revolution of 1905
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- Riots, strikes, protests
- Demands for parliamentary government - General strike in Oct. convinces Nicholas to grant reforms |
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Kornilov Affair
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- August, 1917
- Russian general drove on St. Petersburg, encouraging Kerensky to free Bolshevik prisoners - Wanted military dictatorship, fails - Shows Lenin the weakness of the government |
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Treaty of Brest - Litovsk
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- Germany gets out of the war with this treaty
- Russia loses: 44% of its population, 25% of farmland, 75% of iron and coal |
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New economic policy
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- "sometimes it is necessary to take one step backwards in order to take two steps forward"
- restore private incentives to agriculture, commerce and small industry (fewer than 20 employees) - Partially reestablish market economy (capitalism) - Proves to be very successful |
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Zinoviev Letter
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- 1923
- Encourage the British communists to infotrait to army and other key offices with the idea of encouraging revolution - it discredits to comintern (communist international) - Comes from Lenin's foreign policy |
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Gosplan
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- Part of the five year plan
- centralized planning (it doesnt work) - if you fail to reach quota you will be shot by stalin - Ended financial dependence on capitalists nations, no foreign borrowing |
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Purges
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- 1936-38
- even though stalin ordered the assassination of Kirov he blames Trotsky - Mass executions -8 million arrested and placed in prison camps - assassination of trotsky |
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Spertacist Revolt
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- Jan. 5, 1919
- the spartacists are communists and they try to overthrow the government but they fail - Frei Korps- group of veterans created to establish order |
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Reichstag Fire
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- Maninus van der Lubbe
- They think the fire was set by a Dutch communist |
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Night of the Long Knives
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- Ernst Rohm
- Von hidenburg dies Aug, 1934 - Hitler assumes presidency - "fuhrer" - leader |
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Nuremburg laws
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- Hitler and the Jews
- Jews defined as 1/4 Jewish- deprived of citizenship, cannot marry, have sex, or kiss a non jew - 1938 required to adopt distinctively jewish names - Armbands and stars of David |
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The final solution
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- concentration camps
- death of 6 million jews - other targets: homosexuals, gypsies, catholics |
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Totalitarians
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- totalitarians promised relief and economic equality
-- Just surrender freedom. accept complete government control, want "liquidation" of middle class property owners |
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Labor Service
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- Hitler and the "volk"
- People who work primarily with their brains are required to work 1 month a year in labor service - The nastiest jobs - So they do not think they are better than anyone else |
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Lebensborn
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- "spring of life"
- basically allows single women to get pregnant without being looked down on - women in the program get special rations - you have to give your baby to the government |
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King and Country
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-1933
- this house (oxford union) will in no circumstance fight for its king and country - resolution passes 275-153 - Britain |
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Anschluss
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- March 12, 1939
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Blitzkreg
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- Poland
- lighting warfare (the idea is to cover as much ground as possible) - 3000 German tanks invade Poland - British and French declare war on Germany |
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Battle of Britain
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- the goal of the Germans is to gain control of the air space over the channel
-- Germany cannot invade if they don't control the air space - initially, the germans will target air fields in SE Asia |
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strength-through-joy program
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-organize leisure time in order to make spiritual and emotional energy available for the production of goods
- car: volkswagen "bug" - they paid for vacations |
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Hitler youth
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-Boys learn military drills
-girls learn homemaking skills |
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League of Nations
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- what wilson wanted more than anything
- Henry Cabot Lodge - Stops US ratification of treaty - Stops US entry to league - Lodge will block the US from entering the League of Nations |
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Washington Naval Conference
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- 1922
- there were five countries there - they decided to limit the size of the navies |
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Kellogg - Briand Pact
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- 1928
- signatory powers outlaw war - agree negotiate any differences - 15 countries agree to give up war |
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smoot hawley Tariff
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-1930
- increase the cost of foreign made products -begins economic warfare |
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Mukden Incident
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- 1931
- 1st challenge to kellogg-briand & league of nations - japan alleged "self-defense" |
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Appeasement
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- Neville chamberlain
- Edouard Daladier - in the 30's appeasement dominates the foreign policy |
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Munich Conference
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- Sept. 19, 1938
- they believe Hitler's lies because they just want to keep the peace - Hitler will get what he wants - Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini, Benes |
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Miracle of Dunkrik
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340,000 soldiers are evacuated
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