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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vasco De Gama
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- 1498 -portuguese captain that led fleet to calicut, India
- opened Europe to spice trade and opened doors for Magellan to circumnavigate the globe |
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Hernan Cortez
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-1519 captured Aztec Capital
-Spanish explorer that traveled to Mexico - bring Christianity and search for gold |
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Martin Luther
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-1517 (theses)
- German monk that began a theological dispute with the Catholic Church -sparked explosive protests all over Europe |
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salvation through faith alone
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-1520
- idea that people would be saved only if they had faith -good works of the catholic church were useless |
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95 theses
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-1517
- list of problems with the catholic church written by Luther -started the reformation of the churches |
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peasants revolt (1525)
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-1525-peasants revolted against the nobles and church because of Luther’s ideas
-Luther rejected them because rulers were ordained by god |
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peace of Augsburg
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-1555-recognized Lutheran church in empire
-the religion of the ruler became the religion of the land |
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john Calvin
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-1536 published ideas
- a reformer of the catholic church in France - started Huguenot movement in France, caused civil strife |
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predestination
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-1536
- god had already decided who would be saved and who would be damned before the world was even created -sense of security for people, their lives were already decided |
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Huguenots
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-1562 wars of religion- french Calvinists
- wars nearly tore France apart |
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Anabaptists
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-condemned by the holy roman emperor in 1529
- believed only adults could accept baptism -when they were defeated, people were put under more social control to instill religious conformity |
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Henry VIII
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-1529-1536 severed ties with Rome
-wanted to divorce wife to get male heir and loved Anne Boleyn -Started church of England to have full control of country. |
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Henry of Navarre
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-1598 edict of Nantes
- Protestant king that converted to Catholicism - wanted to unite country |
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St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
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-1572
-Killing of leading Protestants -solved nothing, aided French wars of religion |
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politiques
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-1598
-Catholics and Calvinists who urged Henry of Navarre to give priority to the development of a durable state. -peace provided by a strong government |
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edict of Nantes
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-1598-gave rights to Protestants in France
-ended wars of religion |
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Spanish armada
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-1588
- Spanish fleet against the English to take over England and make it catholic again -Spain wasn’t the greatest country anymore, England took over |
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30 yrs war
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-began 1618
-started as conflict between Catholics and Protestants -power shifted from Spain and Austria to England France and the Dutch |
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cardinal Richelieu
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-1610 started as chief minister to Louis XIII (child)
-centralization, nobles no power, districts run by middle-class men with salaries |
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mercantilism
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-1673
-economic doctrine, government intervene to increase national wealth -inspect products, high foreign tariffs |
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revocation of Edict of Nantes
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-1685-removed all the Calvinists rights
-many emigrated to England, Prussia, America, etc. |
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Charles I
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1625 began ruling
-King of England fought against Parliament on religion/ taxes -English Civil War |
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Puritans
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-1642
-strict Calvinists who opposed all vestiges of catholic ritual - forward Oliver Cromwell and united under during civil war |
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English Civil War
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-1642-1646
-war between king and parliament - parliament wins, Cromwell rules, puritanism spreads |
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Charles II
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-1660 reinstated as King
-king with full partnership with Parliament -religious tolerance said but not followed through. |
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James II
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- 1685 became king
-catholic king of England - parliament kicked him out and began Glorious Revolution |
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Glorious Revolution
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-1688
- Kick out Catholic James II for William and Mary -bill of rights with full partnership with parliament |
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John Locke
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-1632-1704
-a political theorist believe that government only protect life liberty and property, ruler could be resisted if didn’t do this |
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Thomas Hobbes
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-1651- published work
-political theorist - argued for unlimited power of ruler- power must be absolute to overcome defects of human nature |
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Nicholas Copernicus
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-1543 published work
- astronomer -heliocentric model |
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Johannes Kepler
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-1599 employed by Brahe as assistant
-astronomer, believed Heliocentric model - used Brahe’s observations to make 3 laws of planetary motion |
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Galileo Galilei
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-1616- stop saying that the earth moves
-astronomer in Italy - supported Heliocentric model and got more evidence for it, introduced the idea to lay-people |
