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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the definition of combustion? |
An irreversible chemical reaction between oxygen and fuel, producing heat and light. |
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Define Pyrolysis |
The chemical decomposition of a substance by heat, producing gas. |
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Define Flash Point |
The lowest temperature at which sufficient vapours are being produced for a momentary 'flash' to occur when an ignition is introduced. The burning of vapours does not continue once the ignition source is removed. |
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Define Fire Point |
The lowest temperature at which sufficient vapours are being produced for a fuel to ignite and continue to burn when an ignition source is introduced. The fuel will continue to burn when the ignition source is removed. |
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Define Auto Ignition Temperature |
The lowest temperature at which a fuel will ignite and continue to burn without the need for an ignition source to be introduced. |
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Define Surface Oxidation |
The substances making up the surface of a solid, react with oxygen from the atmosphere, generating enough heat to be a self-sustaining process. |
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What are the three sides to the triangle of fire? |
Oxygen Fuel Heat |
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Oxygen, heat and fuel make up the three components of the triangle of fire. What is the further factor known as that is present in any combustion process and takes no part in the chemical reaction of combustion? |
Passive agents |
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What are the common ignition sources? |
-Naked flames (match/candle) -Electrical arcs of sparks (spark plug) -Frictional heat or sparks (disc cutter on metal) -Exothermic chemical reaction -Pressurisation of a gas (diesel spark plug) -Spontaneous heating (compost heaps that can be seen to steam) -Prolonged exposure to a low heat (steam pipe near wood flooring) |
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Name the 3 ways heat/fire spreads |
-Convection (movement of hot, less dense gas through cooler surroundings) -Conduction (transfer of heat through a material) -Radiation (transfer of heat as electromagnetic waves) |
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What are the three methods of extinguishing a fire? |
-Cooling (removing the heat) -Starving (removing the fuel) -Smothering (removing the oxygen) |
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How does water reduce fuel in a fire? |
-The rapid expansion of water to steam dilutes the flammable gases. -The expansion of water to steam drives out some of the existing fire gases. -Reduces further production of flammable gases by pyrolysis because of the reduction in heat. |
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How does water reduce heat in a fire? |
-Absorbs heat from the fire, raising the waters temperature. -Absorbs latent heat when turning water into steam. |
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Disadvantages of using water as extinguishing media |
-It conducts electricity so is not suitable for electrical fires. -Cant be used on flammable liquid fires as it causes a violent reaction. -Reacts violently with other substances such as metal fires. |
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Define element of structure |
Parts of a building which contribute to the overall stability of a building. Damage or failure to the parts can cause partial or complete collapse. |
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The first signs of impending building collapse are often falling pieces of mortar or stone etc from walls. What are the other signs? |
-Floors coming away from walls. -Floors collapsing. -Walls cracking, particularly horizontally. -Walls bowing, or walls out of vertical. -Collapse of arches above openings. -Collapsed or damaged walls of protected shafts. -Spalling of concrete. -Columns or beams, bending or falling. |
8 signs |
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Floors divide buildings into usable areas, what other function do they provide? |
They help support the walls. |
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At what temperature will flaming occur on the surface of timber? |
In excess of 350°c |
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At what temperature will unprotected structural steel lose two thirds of its strength? |
600°c |
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The fire resistance of reinforced concrete depends on four factors, what are they? |
-The total thickness. -The type of aggregate used. -The size of reinforced steelwork. -The thickness of the concrete covering the steelwork. |
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What are the hazards associated with sandwich panels? |
-PVC coating allows for rapid surface fire spread. -Heat conducts through the sheet metal rapidly, degrading the core producing extensive smoke. -Can release flammable and toxic gas. -May collapse without warning. -Face plates may restrict the use of extinguishing media. -Sheet may fall away causing additional hazards. |
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On hearing the evacuation signal, what 4 actions should a firefighter take? |
-Repeat the signal. -Withdraw from the area as quickly and safely as possible. -Leave any equipment. -Report to the booking in point. |
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The effect of a fire on walls can cause the building to collapse. What are the reasons a wall may become unstable? |
-Cracked or dropped arches over openings. -Expansion of inner walls due to heat, bowing the walls out of vertical. Cracks in lower parts (particularly horizontal) indicate danger. -Collapse of beams or joists can lever walls off balance. -Collapse of floors, leaving high walls unsupported. |
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Timber used as a structural element is often oversized to provide a...? |
Sacrificial layer |
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What are the 5 classifications of fire? |
Class A - Carbonaceous Solids. Class B - Liquids and Liquifiable Solids. Class C - Gases and Liquified Gases. Class D - Metals. Electrical. |
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List the 6 extinguishing media |
-Water -Foam -Dry Powder -Carbon Dioxide -Dry Sand -Fire Blanket |
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What are the hazards associated with gang-nailed roof trusses? |
- Timbers used to make gang-nailed roof trusses are thinner than those used in older roofs. - Gang-nailed roof trusses may not have a ridge board between them. -The nails on truss plates are 8-10mm long. -Tests on soft woods have shown that it takes about 7 minutes to char to a depth of 4mm. -The lowest horizontal member of a traditional roof usually rests on a load-bearing internal wall, where gang-nailed roof trusses may not. -Roofs made from trusses are designed so that the weight of the roof is spread across the whole structure. Failure of any part places extra load on adjacent parts. |
6 hazards |
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Hazards associated with wooden floors |
-Wood burns freely and can be burning beneath the floorboards.(There may be no sign of a weakened floor until weight is applied) -Smoke can travel undetected in the concealed space between floorboards and ceiling sheets. (Fire can go undetected) -Collapsing floor joists may lever a wall off balance unless precautions are taken to prevent this. |
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List the 6 elements of structure |
-Beam -Column -Floor -Wall -Protected shaft wall -Gallery |
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What does the fire resistance of timber depend on? |
-The thickness of the timber. -The type of wood used. -Any treatment that's applied. |
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Describe solid construction (aka traditional masonry) |
-Found mainly in older types of buildings. -Have load bearing walls of stone or concrete, that can have columns, support beams and floors. The columns may be made of brick, timber, or cast iron in older buildings. |
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What does this hand signal mean? |
"Danger" |
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What is the safe person concept? |
The right person, doing the right job, with the right tools, at the right time. |
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What is a hazard? |
Something with the potential to cause harm |
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What is risk? |
The likelihood of a hazard causing harm, taking into account the possible severity of the harm. |
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What is a dynamic (operational) risk assessment? |
The continuous assessment and control of risk in the rapidly changing circumstances of an operational incident |
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Why does the authority carry out risk assessments? |
-Humane (it's the right thing to do) -Economic (reduced damage to equipment and legal claims) -Legal (guidance states that a risk assessment must be done for each activity) |
For the "HEL" of it |
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Describe the risk management process |
-Identify the hazard -Assess the risk -Eliminate the risk altogether or... -Introduce control measures to reduce risk. |
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What are the areas of personal responsibility included in the safe person concept? |
-Competent to perform tasks assigned. -Adaptable in changing circumstances. -Recognise their abilities & limitations. -Vigilant to their own & others safety. -Efficient member of a team. -Self Disciplined to work within accepted systems of work |
CARVES |
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What are the 5 steps of the D.R.A (O.R.A) process. |
1- Evaluate the situation, task and persons at risk 2- Select safe systems of work 3- Assess the chosen systems of work 4- Introduce control measures 5- Reassess systems of work and additional control measures |
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What is the process from supply to hydrant/pump? |
-Resevoir -Treatment works -Pumping station -Trunk mains -Service mains |
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What are the British Standards for Hydrants? |
-Minimum water flow of 2000 litres per minutes at a minimum pressure of 1.7 bar. -65mm round thread outlet. -Anti clockwise opening. |
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What are the 3 types of hydrant plates? |
Standard, Double and Directional |
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What does the number at the top of a hydrant represent? |
The size of the main in inches or mm |
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What does the number at the bottom of the hydrant plate represent? |
The distance to the hydrant from the plate in feet or metres |
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What equipment makes up the hydrant Gear? |
-Double headed standpipe -Hydrant key -Hydrant bar |
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What are the 2 types of leak detection device? |
Magnetic and screw on |
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Which type of detection device does not need the hydrant valve to be open in order to work, and can be removed to allow use of the hydrant, and then replaced once the hydrant is shut down? |
The magnetic leak detection device. |
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What should be done once a screw on leak detection device has been used after an incident? |
-Should not be refitted. -The water office informed. -Left at the bottom of the pit. |
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What is the length, weight and maximum working pressure of the 45mm hose? |
-23 metres -9kg -15 bar |
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What is the length, weight and maximum working pressure of the 70mm hose? |
-23 metres -15kg 15 bar |
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How many lengths of 45mm hose are there on each appliance? |
4 |
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How many lengths of 70mm hose are there on each appliance? |
10 |
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How many lengths of 45mm and 70mm hose are kept at station? |
50% of each |
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What is the length, weight and maximum working pressure of the 90mm hose? |
-30 metres -23.5 kg -15 bar |
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Which appliance carries the 90mm hose and what is the total length of 90mm hose kept on the appliance? |
Hose laying unit, carries 4km |
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Which appliance carries the 150mm hose? |
High Volume Pump |
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What are the available lengths of the 150mm hose? |
5metres, 10metres and 50metres |
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What is the length and internal diameter of one length of hosereel hose? |
18.3 metres in length 22mm internal diameter |
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How many lengths of hosereel are there per drum, and hose many drums are there per appliance? |
4 lengths per hosereel drum, 2 drums per appliance |
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What is a hard suction hose for? |
Designed to withstand atmospheric pressure, it is used to lift water from an open water supply. |
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Length and diameter of the hard suction hose, and how many are on an appliance? |
2.44 metres in length 100mm internal diameter 2 lengths on each appliance |
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What is a delivery hose, and what hose can be used as a delivery hose? |
Delivers water from the pump to the fire. -Hosereel -45mm -70mm |
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What is a soft suction hose, and what can be used as a soft suction hose? |
Supplies water to a pump from a pressure fed supply, such as a hydrant. -45mm -70mm -90mm -150mm |
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Name the type of coupling on the top of a hydrant standpipe |
Pressure release instantaneous coupling |
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What are the requirements of a good hose? |
-Reliable in use. -Durable, high resistance to abrasion and easy to repair. -Resistant to bursting, leaking, chemical damage or kinking on corners. -Stretch to a maximum of 5% in length and 10% in diameter. -Light weight and easy to handle , can be made up wet or dry. -Smooth internal surface to reduce frictional loss. -Able to withstand pressure change. |
7 requirements |
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What 4 rules should be observed to prevent damage to a hose? |
- Ramped when laid across a road. - Not be kinked under pressure. - Not made up when frozen. - Underrun before stowing. |
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How can a damaged hose be made safe in situ? |
-Use a hose bandage to prevent a small leak from growing. -Replace the length asap. |
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How would a damaged length of hose be identified at an incident? |
-Overhand knot tied at each end -When made up, rolled up from the male coupling |
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How should a defective hose be made up and sent for repair? |
-Sent away coiled on the male coupling, and marked on the hose with a China graph pencil. -Tied with string to prevent uncoiling. -Tied on lable giving hose identification and details. |
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When should a hose be tested? |
-On acceptance -After operational use -Annually |
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What are the flow rates of the Delta Attack 400-S-Pro? |
130 - 230 - 300 - 400 litres per minute |
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What is the optimum pressure of the Delta Attack 400-S-Pro? |
6 bar |
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What is the effective throw of the Delta Attack 400-S-Pro? |
40 metres at 6 bar on 400lpm |
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Looking at the spinning teeth on the nozzle outlet, when would the Delta Attack 400-S-Pro be deemed defective? |
If 5 or more teeth are broken/missing, or if 3 in a row are missing |
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Name the branch that is used with the hosereel |
Delta Attack 100-S-Pro |
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What are the flow rates of the Delta Attack 100-S-Pro? |
50 - 100 - 150 - 230 litres per minute |
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What is the optimum pressure of the Delta Attack 100-S-Pro? |
6bar |
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What pressure is required at the pump to achieve 6 bar at the Delta Attack 100-S-Pro (hosereel)? |
43 bar due to frictional loss in the hosereel |
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How often are branches inspected? |
-Daily -After use -Annually (by the vehicle and equipment contractor) |
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How often are branches tested? |
-On acceptance -Quarterly |
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What is the effective working pressure range of the Rosenbauer Projet 2? |
3.5 to 7 Bar |
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What are the flow rates of the Rosenbauer Projet II at 7 bar? |
Spray - 410lpm Jet - 630lpm Combined - 930lpm |
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What are the flow rates of the Rosenbauer Projet II at 3.5 bar? |
Spray - 290lpm Jet - 440lpm Combined - 640lpm |
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What is the effective throw at 3.5 bar for the Rosenbauer Projet II? |
57 metres |
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What is the minimum number of people required to hold the Rosenbauer Projet II? |
2 firefighters minimum |
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What does jet reaction mean? |
Newton's Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction When working in a branch, this relates to the feeling of being pushed backwards. |
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How can jet reaction be controlled? |
-Make sure the hose runs in a straight lines behind the operator -Adopt a position on even and stable ground -Start with a managable pressure and flow rate and increase when required -Have at least to FFs on the branch |
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What extinguishing media can the Akron Mercury Ground Monitor deliver? |
Water or Foam |
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Name the 3 different nozzles that can be used with the Akron Mercury Ground Monitor |
-Variable flow rate jet/spray water -Single flow rate deluge -Single flow rate foam aspirator |
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What are the flow rates and throw of the Akron Mercury Ground Monitor with the variable flow rate jet/spray water nozzle? |
950 - 1400 - 1900 litres per minute Throw of 57 metres at 1900lpm |
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What is the flow rate and throw of the Akron Mercury Ground Monitor with the single flow rate deluge nozzle? |
1750 litres per minute Throw of 60 metres |
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What is the flow rate and throw of the Akron Mercury Ground Monitor with the single flow rate foam aspirator nozzle? |
Pre mixed aspirated foam at 950 LPM Throw of 36 metres |
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What are the reasons for using a ground monitor? |
-A larger volume of water is required than a hand controlled branch can deliver -Operations require extinguishing media to be thrown a great distance -Operations require extinguishing media over a long period of time in the same area of operation |
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What is P.T.O? |
Power Take Off Transfers the appliance engine power from the road wheels to the drive shaft of the appliance pump |
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Name three types of pumping appliance and the differences between them |
Pump Carries a 9m ladder, minimum crew of 4 Pump Ladder Carries a 135 ladder and rescue equipment, minimum crew of 4 Dual Purpose Pump Ladder Carries both the 9m & 135 ladders as well as rescue equipment, minimum crew of 5 |
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How much water and how much foam is in the appliance tank? |
1365 litres of water 80 litres of foam |
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What is the purpose of appliance inventories? |
-To make sure all equipment is present -To check the condition and operational readiness of the equipment -To check the equipment is stowed correctly |
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What is meant by 'Operational Readiness"? |
Following an incident, an appliance commander must make sure the appliance is fully operational. This involves making sure it has all necessary equipment and has replaced any used extinguishing media or consumables |
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What should be done if equipment is found to be missing or defective? |
-The OIC must be informed of anything used that can't be replaced or of any defects. -Any equipment that must be left at an incident must be brought to the attention of the appliance commander. -If suspected stolen, police must be called and theft reported. |
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Define pump |
A pump is a machine, driven by external power, to give energy to fluid. |
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What is the impeller? |
The rotation element of a centrifugal pump, giving kinetic energy to a fluid by way of centrifugal force. |
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What is the volute? |
The pump casing that converts kinetic energy to pressure energy, when the kinetically charged water is confined by the pump casing. |
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What are the reasons/benefits of switching from high to low pressure on the pump? |
-Reduce noise -Reduce fuel consumption -Reduce emissions -Prevent the pump from overheating |
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What are 5 ways of counteracting overrunning the water supply? |
1. Find a more efficient water supply. 2. Reduce the number of jets. 3. Reduce the branch flow settings. 4. Reduce the appliance engine RPM 5. Withdraw crew from danger |
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What are the 2 main reasons for pressure loss in lengths of hose? |
- Frictional loss in the hose line - Effects of gravity when above or below water source or pump |
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What are the four causes of frictional loss in hose lines? |
1. Internal diameter of hose 2. Output flow of water 3. Height in metres above/below source 4. Length of hose |
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How does friction affect pressure loss? |
- Pressure loss is directly proportional to the length of hose through which water flows. - The longer the hoseline, the greater the frictional loss. -Pressure loss is directly proportional to the square of the flow rate. -If the flow rate through a line is doubled, the pressure loss due to friction will increase by a factor of four. -Pressure loss is inversely proportional to the hose diameter. |
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How does gravity affect pressure loss? |
A column of water exerts a downward pressure of 1 bar for every ten metres of height. This is known as the head of water, so a 10 metre head of water will exert a downward pressure of 1 bar |
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What are 4 ways to carry a line aloft safely? |
-Line Bag (both arms through the straps of a line bag) -Figure of 8 (no bag, one arm through each loop across your back) -Continuous loop (no bag, diagonally across body over head and shoulder) -Loose line (no bag, not made up, overhand knot at the end of line and placed over shoulder, then fed up as you climb) |
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What is the length, weight and allocation of the 3 piece ladder? |
Length - 6 metres Weight - 21 kg Allocation - All pump appliances |
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What is the length, weight and allocation of the 9 Metre Ladder? |
Length - 9 metres Weight - 40.6 kg (3 person manoeuvre) Allocation - All pumps and DPLs |
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What is the length, weight and allocation of the 135 ladder? |
Length - 13.5 metres Weight - 100 kg (4 person manoeuvre) Allocation - All pump ladders and DPLs |
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What is the length, weight, number of rounds and allocation of the roof ladder? |
Length - 4.6 metres Weight - 14 kg Number of Rounds - 13 rounds Allocation - all pumping appliances |
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What is the safety feature fitted on the 9 Metre and 135 ladders? |
The Automatic Arrest Device (AAD) Prevents the ladder from housing in the event of a mechanical failure. |
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What is the frequency of tests for each ladder? |
-On acceptance -After operational use -Quarterly at workshops -Annually at workshops |
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What is the minimum distance and height required to slip the 9 Metre ladder? |
10 metres behind the appliance, 4.2 metres above. |
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What are the pitch check for the 9 metre ladder? |
1- The string closest to the frame is no more than 150mm from the frame. 2- There are 3 to 5 rounds above the sill. 3- Most importantly, the round closest to the sill is just above and parallel to the sill. 4- Make sure that pawls are engaged |
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What are 4 points in common to all ladder mounts and dismounts? |
- Before dismount at the head, the sill must be swept with the back of the hand and checked that it's firmlay attached. - Order of movement is foot, hand, hand, foot thus retaining three points of contact with the ladder. - Before stepping into the building, the floor should be swept with the foot, and stamped to insure integrity. - The ladder must always be footed before mount and dismount. A kick and call will command those below to foot the ladder. |
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When should a leg lock be taken? |
So the FF can complete a task using both hands |
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Safety considerations when using a ladder? |
-Risk assess potential access points before pitching. -Ensure the ladder is long enough for the task. -Make sure the ladder is placed on stable ground and at a safe angle. -Be aware of overhead obstructions and electrical cables. -Make sure the head of the ladder is resting on a stable point, and tie off when necessary. -Avoid knocking the ladder when moving equipment or hose |
6 considerations |
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Safety considerations when working on a ladder? |
-Maintain 3 points of contact at all times. -Do not overreach, keep the centre of the body within the strings. -Do not work on the top 3 rounds. -Do not overload the ladder. One person maximum unless with a casualty. |
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How long is a pouch line and what is it made of? |
4 metres Plaited Nylon |
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What should you check when closing an appliance roller shutter? |
-Make sure the pull down straps have no knots and are not caught outside the shutter. -Locking bar located under the under the hold down catches. -Locker is fully closed by ensuring the open warning is not activated. |
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When lifting from open water, what does an increase in negative gauge reading mean? |
The pump is working harder. -Level of supply has dropped (tidal or water source used up. -Suction strainer blocked. -Branches opened. |
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When lifting from open water, what does a decrease negative pressure gauge reading mean? |
The pump is not working as hard. -Level of supply raised. -Branches shut down. -Slight air leak on suction side of pump. |
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Name this |
A collecting breech |
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Name this |
A dividing breech |
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What is the single most important factor that affects frictional loss? |
Diameter of the hose |
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What might cause a sudden decrease in low pressure gauge reading? |
-Branches being opened -Appliance tank is empty -Burst delivery hose |
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What might cause a sudden increase in low pressure gauge reading? |
-Branches being shut down -Kinks in the delivery hose -Vehicles or debris on the delivery hose |
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What is a primer? |
A device which can pump air out of the pump, creating a vacuum |
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List the frictional loss for a 45mm, 70mm hose, and 1 metre lift, and 1 floor lift. |
45mm - 1 bar 70mm - 0.2 bar 1 metre - 0.1 bar 1 floor - 0.3 bar |
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The branch operator wants 6 bar at the branch. They are on the 2nd floor, with a delivery hose consisting of one 44mm hose, and one 70mm hose. What pump pressure should they request? |
8 bar |
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During an open water lift, the pump fails to achieve a lift and there is no reading on the vacuum side, what are the causes to be considered? |
-Open drain cock -Delicery valve not seating correctly -Defective seal -Defective primer -Loose/faulty suction joints -Air leak in suction hose -Suction strainer not adequately submerged -Serious leak in pipe |
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During an open water lift, the pump fails to achieve a lift and there is a very high reading on the vacuum side, what are the causes to be considered? |
-Blocked suction strainer -Faulty suction hose |
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Explain the practical and safety considerations when lifting from open water |
-All staff made aware and wearing appropriate PPE -Make sure the appliance is on safe ground -If the water source is tidal, allow for the flow of water -At night, set up lighting the make the area safer and easier to operate in -Be aware of water borne disease |
5 considerations |
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In theory, water can be lifted 10 metres, but in practice this is limited to 8 metres. Why? |
OFPITA
-Overcoming Inertia Using some energy to get the water moving.
-Frictional Loss Water close to and touching the suction hose moved slower than the centre.
-Pump Entry Loss Water reaches the eye of the impeller, and changes direction.
-Imperfect vacuum In non laboratory conditions, a perfect seal is highly unlikely.
-Temperature The higher the temperature of water the more difficult it is to lift.
-Atmospheric pressure Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. |
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Name examples of open water supplies |
Rivers Canals Lakes Docks Swimming pools Wells |
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What is the function of a suction strainer? |
It prevents debris from entering the pump |
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When lifting from open water, what is the minimum depth that the strainer must be submerged to and why? |
Must be submerged no less than 3 times the diameter of the suction hose to prevent a vortex forming. For example when using the 100mm hard suction hose, the strainer must be no less than 300mm below the surface. |
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Which line is used to secure the suction hose and to raise/lower the hose into water during an open water lift? |
Short line |
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Name this |
Low level strainer |
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Name this |
Suction wrench |
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Name this |
140-100mm adaptor |
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Name this |
Strainer basket |
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Name this |
Cylindrical suction strainer |
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What is the maximum output in litres per minute of the Rosenbauer Lightweight Portable Pump at 4 bar? |
1000lpm at 4 bar |
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What is the weight of the LPP and how many people do you need to carry it? |
84kg wet, 4 people to carry |
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What is the output in litres per minute of the LPP at 5 bar? |
800lpm at 5 bar |
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What type of pump is the LPP? |
A single stage Centrifugal pump |
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What is the safe working practice when working with the LPP? |
-Full PPE. -Operated in open air (Carbon monoxide exhaust). -Heavy, so must be lifted by 4 FFs. -Ensure ground of free from sharp objects and debris to prevent damage. -When operating from a pressure fed supply, ensure the draining valve is closed beforehand. -Under no circumstances is the vacuum to be maintained without water for more than three minutes as damage may occur. -Not to be run against a closed delivery. -Dont start the engine unless the pump casing is full of water. -Only operate on level ground due to the tilt switch. |
9 |
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What is the maximum duration the LPP can run for with a full tank of fuel? |
1.5 hours at 5 bar |
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What are operational considerations when using the LPP? |
-When siting the pump, pay attention to ground conditions, expect deterioration. -If working near waters edge, consider personal floatation device. -Provide lighting around the pump. -Find out tide info. -Co2 from exhaust, no use in confined space. -Very loud, use ear protection. -Good communication, i.e interrupted water supply. -Surface area becomes very hot in use. -Stop and switch off and use nitrile gloves to refuel. -Use a dividing breaching for maximum flow of Delta 400 branches |
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What order should be given by a crew member who observed slack cable, when making up a 135 ladder? |
"Well, slack cables, extend" |
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What are the ladder pitch checks for the 135 ladder? |
-The string closest to the frame of the opening is no more than 150mm from the frame. -3 to 5 rounds above the sill. -The last round above the sill is just above and parallel to the sill. |
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What are the ladder safety checks when heading in the 135 ladder? |
- Number 1 will make sure all pawls are engaged sercurely. - Number 1 will make sure there is a clearance between the ground and the yellow handles. -Number 1 will make sure the Jack pads are flat on the ground. |
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What are the 135 ladder security checks when the ladder has been re-stowed? |
1- Visually confirm that the ladder retaining strap is secured in position. 2-With open hands push the red ladder securing handles forward to make sure they have fully engaged. 3-Pull back on the stabilising bar to make sure the ladder is full housed in its retaining bracket. 4-When checks are complete, number one gives the order "Ladder secure" |
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What are 4 safe working practices when hauling items aloft? |
-When tying a knot, leave a 0.5 metre tail to ensure it doesn't accidentally come undone. -Pull or pay out the line hand over hand. -Always wear gloves. -Take care when passing over sills/ledges |
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What are the pawls on a ladder? |
The mechanism that allows an extended section of a ladder to rest on the round of a lower extension. |
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On what appliance is the LPP carried? |
OSU Operational support unit |
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