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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Functions of the Nervous System |
.CNS - Act as the integrating and command centre of the Nervous System - Interpreting incoming sensory information
PNS - Consists mainly of nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain- Spinal Nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord .PNS - Consists mainly of nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain - Spinal Nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord - Cranial Nerves carry impulses to and from the brain |
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What's a Neuron? |
. Nerve Cells are excitable cells that transmitted electrical signals
. All have a cell body which contains the nucleus and one or more slender processes extending from cell body |
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Neuron Function |
Sensory Neurons (Afferent) - Conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Motor Neurons (Efferent) - Transmit impulses from CNS to effector in the body peripherally
Interneurons (Association Neurons) - Complete the communication pathways between sensory and pathway |
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Motor Neuron Structure |
Three Main Components
1. The Soma; The cell body where the nucleus and proteins are produced
2. The Axon; Is a long projection that carries information away from the Soma
3. The Dendrites; Densely branched projections that receive information from other Neurons
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Motor Neuron Function |
. A Nerve Cell that functions to transmit signals from the central area of the nervous system to an effector site such as muscles or glands |
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Sensory Neuron Structure |
Three Main Components 1. The Soma; The cell body where the nucleus and proteins are produced 2. The Axon; Is a long projection that carries information away from the Soma 3. The Dendrites; Densely branched projections that receive information from other neurons
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Sensory Neuron Function |
. Detect and Transmit signal from a peripheral region to a more central location in the CNS |
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Types of Sensory Receptors |
Nociceptors Proprioceptors
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Role of Nociceptors |
> Responds to excess heat, pressure or chemicals > Tissue damage > All parts of the body but brain |
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Role of Proprioceptors (Muscle Sensory Receptors) |
>Sensory Receptors located in the subcutaneous tissues that detect motion and position in the body
> Replay information about our body's spatial position and movement to the brain
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Describe the Glial Cell |
> Nerve Glue > Non neuronal cells in the CNS and the PNS that do not produce electrical impulses > Contains many types of cells that support, insulate and protect the delicate neurons |
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Role of the Glial Cell |
. Cells that surround, support and protect neurons; non excitable and collectively are 10 times more numerous than Neurons Example; Astrocytes are star shaped cells found only in the brain and spinal cord. Their main role is to maintain the environment around the nerve cells to support signaling between them. |
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Structural Elements of CNS |
. Brain . Spinal Cord . Relay Neurons |
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Functions of CNS |
. Sensation; Internal and external stimulus . Response . Coordination; Interpretation, Memory, Reflex Arcs |
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Structural Elements of PNS |
. 12 Cranial Nerves . 31 Spinal Nerves . Peripheral Nerves . Sensory Neurons . Motor Neurons |
Nerves and Neurons |
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Structural Elements of CNS |
> Brain and Spinal Cord > Integration and Command Centre > Motor Reflexes > Memory |
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Functional Division of CNS |
The CNS is divided into several functional areas 1) The Brains functions and spinal cord included; thought, forming memories, movements, awareness. The brain has three major parts; cerebellum, cerebrum and brain stem, Brain lobes 2) The Brain Stem- made up of the midbrain, Pons and medulla oblongata. Functions included; autonomic behaviors such as breathing and swallowing 3) The Cerebellum- Monitors and regulated motor behavior particularly autonomic movement and balance 4) The Cerebrum - voluntary behaviors (speech, cognitive thinking and awareness) 5) Frontal Lobe- Responsible for higher cognitive functioning, language development, attention, decision making and problem solving 6) Occipital Lobe - Processing and encoding different visual information such as colour, orientation and motion 7) Parietal Lobes - Processing sensory information, attentional awareness, visuospatial processing and integrating somatosensoty information (touch, temperature, pain) 8) Temporal Lobe- Recognition, perception (hearing, vision, smell), understanding of language, forming memories Spinal Cord - circuit neurons that can control simple reflexes |
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Components of the Brain |
. Brain Stem . Medulla . Pons . Temporal Lobe . Hypothalamus . Lateral Ventricles . Corpus Callosum . Frontal lobe . Cerebral Cortex . Central Sulcus . Parietal Lobe . Thalamus . Occipital Lobe . Cerebellum Cortex . Cerebellum |
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Elements of the PNS - Functions of 12 Cranial Nerves |
. Innervation of head, face and sensory organs of the head (Eyes, ears, smell, taste) . Muscle control of face and neck . Sensation head and face |
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Elements of PNS- Function of 31 Paired Spinal Nerves and Branches |
. Sensory Receptors of remainder of body. Connect Nervous System with 'end organs' . Reflexive arcs for autonomic function |
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Functional Divisions of PNS |
PNS can be divided into 2 divisions > Autonomic Nervous System; Involuntary in nature. Provides sensory and motor innervation to smooth muscle, blood vessels, glands and internal organs. Plays a role in homeostasis > Somatic Nervous System; carries sensations from the body (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) and innervates skeletal muscles that are under conscious or voluntary control Both can be subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic Nervous System |
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