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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stressors for a child |
Beginning school Establishing peer relationshipns Coping with peer competition |
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Stressors for adolescent |
Accepting changing physique Developing relationships involving sexual attraction Achieving Independence Choosing a career |
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Stressors for Young adult |
Getting married Leaving home Managing a home Getting Started in an occupation Continuing one's education Rearing children
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Stressors for Middle adult |
Accepting the physical changes of aging Maintainign social status and standard of living Helping teenage children to become independent Adjusting to aging parents |
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Stressors for Older adult |
Accepting decreasing physical abilities and health Accepting changes in residence Adjusting to retirement and reduced income Adjusting to death of spouse and friends |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . What are the 6 main responses?
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1. *Increased rate and stroke volume of heart contraction* 2. *Constriction of vessels in blood reservoirs (skin, kidneys, most viscera)* 3. *Dilation of vessels in skeletal muscles* 4. *Decreased secretion by digestive glands; decreased peristalsis* 5. *Rapid marked increase of secretion by adrenal medulla* 6. *Increased liver glycogenolysis* |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . *Increased rate and stroke volume of heart contraction* leads to what? |
-Increased cardiac output- |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . -Increased systolic blood pressure, increased volume blood circulating per minute; blood redistributed from less to more active organs- is caused by what 3 responses? |
1. Increased rate and stroke volume of heart contraction 2. Constriction of vessels in blood reservoirs (skin, kidneys, most viscera) 3. Dilation of vessels in skeletal muscles
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . *Decreased secretion by digestive glands; decreased peristalsis* leads to what? |
Decreased digestion |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . |
-increased epinephrine in blood- |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . -increased epinephrine in blood- leads to what? |
(increased in prolonged sympathetic responses) |
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During an increased sympathetic activity. . . *increased liver glycogenolysis* leads to what? |
-increased blood glucose; hyperglycemia- |
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According Selye's adaptation to stress model. . . A stressor leads to what? |
Alarm reaction
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According Selye's adaptation to stress model. . . The Alarm reaction leads to _____ which includes what three hormones? |
Shock phase
1. Epineprhine 2. Norepinephrine 3. Cortisone |
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What is Epinephrine responsible for? |
Tachycardia Mycardial contractility Bronchial dilation Blood clotting Metabolism
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What is norepinephrine responsible for? |
Blood to kidney Renin |
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What is cortisone responsible for? |
Protien Catabolism Gluconeogenesis |
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According Selye's adaptation to stress model. . . The shock phase leads to. . . |
Countershock phase
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According Selye's adaptation to stress model. . . The countershock phase leads to what stage? |
Stage of resistance
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According Selye's adaptation to stress model. . . What are the two components of the stage of resistance? |
Adaptation Stage of Exhaustion (rest and death) |
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What neurochemical links is sent from CNS to the Endocrine system and the immune system? |
Neuropeptides |
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What neurochemical links is sent from the immune system to CNS and the Endocrine system? |
Cyctokines |
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What neurochemical links is sent from the Endocrine system to the immune system and the central nervous system? |
Endocrine hormones |
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Describe how the following reacts to acute stress response? -Mental -Physical -Relaxation |
Mental: react quickly, hinders ability to analyze event Physical: more oxygen to muscles, heart, lungs, brain Relaxation: hormones to normal once threat has passed |
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What are the main characteristics of chronic stress response? |
-Suppresses urge to act -Fatigues body's stress response. Increases susceptibility to disease |
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Types of cellular injury? |
-hypoxia -nutritional imbalance -temperature extremes -radiation and electrical shock -mechanical trauma -chemical agents -infectious agents |
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What is the cellular response to injury? |
-inflammatory response |
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What is the purpose of inflammatory response? |
-neutralize, control, eliminate offending agent -prepare site for repair
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What are sings of inflammation? |
-redness -heat -swelling -pain -loss of function |
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What is the three main steps of cellular healing? |
-begins with inflammation -regeneration -replacement |
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What are some negative effects of chronic stress? |
-Pysciological- high serotonin levels, hypothalmaic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be altered -Stress and illness- increases vulnerability to almost an illness |
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Who are risk factors for stress?
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-Working mothers
-Divorced or widowed individuals -unemployed -isolated individuals -targets of discrimination -Those lacking health insurance -city dwellers |
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Nursing process in stress management. . . Assessment |
Assessment -signs and symptoms of stress -number of stressor, duration, patient's perception of them -diagnostic tests, laboratory data |
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Nursing process in stress management. . . Diagnosis |
-Emotional responses to stress -Interruption of activities of daily living -coping-stress-tolerance-level: coping, effective or ineffective |
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Nursing process in stress management. . . outcomes and evaluation parameters |
-stress management -adaptive coping strategies |
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Nursing process in stress management. . . Interventions |
-Plans with patients, family, member of health team -tailored to individual -crises intervention -education -enhancing social support -social therapy groups |
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Nursing process in stress management. . . Evaluation |
-If outcomes not achieved, nurse and patient explore reasons -revise intervetions |
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What is the definition of the following terms? Allopathic medicine Complementary Alternative Holism Integrative Care
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Allopathic medicine- traditional medical care Complementary- therapy used in addition to traditional medicine Alternative- therapies used in place of conventional Holism- connection and interactions between parts of the whole, mind body and spirit Integrative care-combination of allopathic and complementary and alternative modalities |
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Categories of CAM? (Mind Body) |
-Relaxation -Meditation -Guided Imagery -Prayer -Humor Therapy -Aromatherapy |
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Define meditation |
mindfulness-based stress reduction |
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Define Humor therapy |
Improved immune response |
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Define aromatherapy |
Effect on the amygdala of the limbic system |
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The purpose of acupuncture? |
Changes the energy flow to promote healing |
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What are the common alternative treatments for nausea? |
-Ginger: ginger ale, raw ginger in cooking, tea -Peppermint, ingested and/or with aromatherapy -Acupuncture: changes the flow of energy, goal maintain a balance |
