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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Wheal |
Hives |
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Vesicle |
Blisters |
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Bulla |
A rounded prominence |
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Plaque |
Collection of skin |
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Excoriation |
Abrasion of the skin |
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Incision |
A surgical cut made in the skin/flesh |
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Puncture |
An injury caused by a pointed object |
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Cyanosis |
Bluish discoloration due to lack of oxygen |
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Jaundice |
Yellowing of the skin resulting from hyperbilirubinemia |
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Pallor |
Paleness of skin |
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Erythemia |
Redness of skin caused by congestion of the capillaries |
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Petechiae |
Pinpoint round purplish-red spots that are not raised |
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Ecchymosis |
Flat hemorrhagic blue or purplish patch on skin or mucous Membrane (bruise) |
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Macule |
Patch of skin |
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Popule |
Small raised bump |
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Purpora |
Purplish spots rash |
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Diaphoresis |
Excessive sweat production (Perspiration) |
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Order of assessment of the abdomen |
Appetite Shape Soft or hard Bowel sounds/palpation Time of last bowel movement Voiding status |
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Learning Styles |
Linguistic Logical Spatial Musical Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal |
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Linguistic Learner |
Hearing Saying Seeing |
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Logical Learner |
Categorizing Classifying Patterns |
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Spatial Learner |
Visualizing Dreaming Colors & pictures |
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Kinesthetic Learner |
Touching Moving Body Sensation |
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Interpersonal Learner |
Sharing Comparing Cooperating with others |
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Intrapersonal |
Work alone Self pace |
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Homeostasis |
Maintain stability of internal environment |
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Primary Illness |
Develops without being caused by another health problem |
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Secondary Illness |
Results from primary illness |
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Tertiary |
Delayed or secondary closure Such as draining abdominal wound |
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Maslow Needs |
Physiologic Safety/Security Love and belongingness Esteem Self actualization |
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Physiologic Needs |
Oxygen Adequate cardiovascular function Rest Hygiene Musculoskeletal Activity Sexual expression |
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Safety/Security Needs |
Protection from physiological harm Freedom from anxiety & fear Need for structure Active listening essential as a nurse |
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Love and belonging needs |
Giving & receiving love Affection Intimacy Sexual expression Social interaction Communication Family & community |
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Bacteria |
Single celled microorganisms lacking a nucleus Reproduce every few mins Need oxygen |
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Viruses |
Extremely small particles of nucleic acids Only seen with electron microscope Can trigger immune reaction |
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Fungus |
Tiny primitive organisms of the plant kingdom Reproduced by spores |
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Protozoa |
One celled microscopic organism belonging to the animal kingdom |
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Parasites |
Helminths/warms |
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Prions |
Protein particles that lack nucleic acid Transmissible Neurodegenerative disease |
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Chain of Infection |
1) Causative agent 2) Reservoir 3) Portal of exit 4) Mode of transfer 5) Portal of entry 6) Susceptible host |
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Natural Immunity |
From mother to fetus |
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Artificial immunity |
Immunizations |
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Incubation |
Time from microorganisms invasion of the body to onset of symptoms |
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Prodromal |
Early/beginning stage of illness |
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Illness |
Localized and systemic Signs & symptoms appear |
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Convalescence |
Recovering |
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Stages of infection |
1) incubation 2) prodromal 3) illness 4) convalescence |
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Medical Asepsis |
Prevents the spread of infection from person to person or reinfection of the same person |
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Surgical Asepsis |
Preparing and handling instruments/materials in a way that prevents exposure |
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Examples of personal protective equipment (PPE) |
Gown Mask Gloves Protective eyewear Head cover Shoe cover |
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Mask for TB |
N95 mask |
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Care of sharps |
Place directly in red special puncture resistant sharps biohazard container |
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MSDS |
Material safety data sheet For all chemicals in a business |
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Lithotomy position |
Face up with knees bent and feet in stirrups |
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Fowler’s Position |
Elevate head of bed 60-90 degrees |
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Supine position |
Laying down face up |
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Prone position |
Laying face down |
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Simms position |
Side lying with weight distributed over the anterior ilium, humerous, & clavicle |
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Action to take in a fire |
Activate alarm Contain fire (close doors/windows) Extinguish flames/evacuate |
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Use of fire extinguisher |
Pull pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze the trigger Sweep side to side |
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Proper Protective device technique |
Remove device every 2 hours & perform active or passive exercise Do not apply too tight |
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Legal issues of protective devices |
Always have md orders in writing Use only as a last resort Illegal to do because patient is annoying only used when medically necessary |
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MD orders for protective device |
Must be in writing and state how long order is to last MD must be notified right away when device is no longer required |
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4 purposes for bathing patient |
Cleanse skin Promote comfort Stimulate circulation Remove waste products |
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Types of baths |
Cleansing Whirlpool Sitz bath Sponge bath |
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Oral care |
Raise head of bed 45 to 90 degrees Towel under chin Moisten toothbrush and apply toothpaste Brush/ have patient rinse & spit Provide cloth to dry mouth |
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Denture care |
Should be done in AM and PM Stored in labeled denture cup |
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Nail care |
Trimming (straight across) Cleaning under nails Soak Cuticle care |
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Female perineal care |
Drape patient & explain procedure Separate labia and clean front to back Cleanse folds From pubic area to rectum |
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Male perineal care |
Drape patient & explain procedure Cleanse shaft and scrotum For uncircumcised males retract foreskin and clean head Rinse and reposition foreskin |
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Mobility and transferring patients |
Pull and pivot Use gait belt |
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Vital signs |
Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Level |
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Factors that affect Blood Pressure |
Age Stress/emotions Sex Exercise Medication Body position |
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Pulse pressure |
Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure |
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Stroke volume |
Affects pulse character 60-70 mL of blood into aorta |
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Korotkoff sounds |
Phase 1 tapping Ausculatory gap (no sound) Phase 2 swishing Phase 3 Knocking Phase 4 Muffling Phase 5 Silence |
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Fever |
Temperature higher than 102 |
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Hypothermia |
Below normal body temperature |
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Normal temperature range |
97.5-99.5 degrees |
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Normal pulse rate |
60-100 bpm Average 72 |
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Normal Blood Pressure Rate |
Less than 120/80 |
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Normal Respiration Rate |
16-20 per min |
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Auscultatory gaps |
Period in blood pressure where no sound is heard |
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Techniques for physical assessment |
Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation |
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Order for bowel sounds |
Listen to each quadrant Palpate each quadrant Listen for 2 mins if no sound Normal 5-30 sounds per min |
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Wheeze |
Whistling sound of air forced past a partial obstruction |
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Stridor |
Crowing sound caused by obstruction of upper air passages Found in croup and laryngitis |
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Rhonchi |
Continuous dry rattling sounds caused by partial obstruction |
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Crackles |
Abnormal non musical sound heard on auscultation of lungs during inspiration |
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Hypoventilation |
Breathing at an abnormally slow rate |
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Cheyne-stokes |
Dyspnea followed by a short period of apnea |
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Kussmaul Respiration |
Increased rate & depth with panting and long grunting exhalation |
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Apnea |
Absence of breathing |
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Tachypnea |
Increased/rapid breathing |
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Bradypnea |
Slow and shallow breathing |
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Apical pulse |
Over the apex of the heart |
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Standard precautions |
For all patients |
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Airborne precautions |
Measles Varicella TB |
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Droplet precautions |
Meningitis Pneumonia Diphtheria |
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Contact precautions |
GI Skin Wound infections RSV Herpes |
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Stroke volume x heart rate = |
Cardiac output 5 L/min for average adult |
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1st amendment |
Freedom of expression |
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14th amendment |
Assures due process |
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Right brain |
Intuitive Imaginative Impulsive |
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Left brain |
Analytical Rational Objective |
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