Week 12 -Path

Front 1

benign vs. malignant?

Back 1

-benign: localized, not invasive, wont metastisize, well differentiated
-malignant: ill-defined, invasive, can metastasize, poorly differentiated

Front 2

benign vs. malignant
-cytomorpholgy?

Back 2

-benign: round nuclei, normal mitosis, normal N:C ratio, normal chromatin
-malignant: irregular nuclei, inc. mitosis, inc N:C ratio, hyperchromasia

Front 3

epithelial tumors
-types?

Back 3

-squamous cell (mechanical)
-glandular cell (secrete/absorb)
-transitional cell (expansion of tissue)

Front 4

squamous epithelium
-benign tumor?
-malignant?

Back 4

-squamous papilloma
-squamous carcinoma

Front 5

glandular epithelium
-benign tumor?
-malignant tumor?

Back 5

-adenoma
-adenocarcinoma

Front 6

transitional epithelium
-benign tumor?
-malignant tumor?

Back 6

-transitional papilloma
-transitional carcinoma

Front 7

bone tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 7

-osteoma
-osteosarcoma

Front 8

cartilage tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 8

-chondroma
-chondrosarcoma

Front 9

fat tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 9

-lipoma
-lipsarcoma

Front 10

smooth muscle tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 10

-leiomyoma
-leiomyosarcoma

Front 11

skeletal muscle tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 11

-rhabdomyoma
-rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 12

blood vessel tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 12

-angioma
-angiosarcoma

Front 13

fibrous tissue tumor
-b?
-m?

Back 13

-firbroma
-fibrosarcoma

Front 14

christoma
-definition?

Back 14

-ectopic rest of normal tissue, not a neoplasm

Front 15

hamartoma
-definition?

Back 15

-mass of disorganized, mature tissue located where that tissue normally found

Front 16

pleomorphism
-defintion?

Back 16

-different sizes of nuclei

Front 17

hyperchromasia
-definiton?

Back 17

-dark nuclei

Front 18

paraneoplastic syndromes
-definition?

Back 18

-caused by remote tumor/metastisis w/ ectopic production of hormones or chemicals

Front 19

TNM pathologic stage
-definition?

Back 19

-T: tumor size/invasion, N: positive lymph nodes for metastatic tumor, M: metastisis

Front 20

solitary (unicarmeral) bone cyst
-definition?
-location/onset

Back 20

-unilocular intramedullary cavity w/clear or sanguinous fluid
-metaphysis, often in young males

Front 21

solitary (unicarmeral) bone cyst
-sx?
-path?

Back 21

-asymptomatic, sometimes swelling
-fibrous tissue w/giant cells, foam cells

Front 22

aneurysmal bone cyst
-definition?
-sx?

Back 22

-behign hemorrhagic cavity, presents as expansile, destructive, muclticystic lesion
-swelling, pain, tenderness

Front 23

aneurysmal bone cyst
-radiographic?

Back 23

-1st: small, w/permeative growth pattern, 2nd: destructive, w/lysis of bone, 3rd: expanded circumscribed zone of rarefaction

Front 24

aneurysmal bone cyst
-path?

Back 24

-cavernous spaces w/walls

Front 25

osteoma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 25

-tumor-like mass of dense bone, in sinuses of skull
-asymptomatic, may have nasal obstruction

Front 26

osteoma
-path?

Back 26

-resemble dense, cortical bone, no medullary component

Front 27

osteoid osteoma
-definition?
-onset?
-sx?

Back 27

-benign, vascular, sharply defined osteoblastic proliferation, <2cm
-usually in young adults
-progressive pain, worse at night; aspririn helps

Front 28

osteoid osteoma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 28

-marked sclerosis around radiolucency
-central: packed o.blasts, woven bone

Front 29

osteoblastoma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 29

-benign osteoblastic neoplasm, simliar to ost. osteoma, but >1cm, growth
-dujll pain, tenderness

Front 30

osteoblastoma
-radiographic?

Back 30

-lacks sclerosis around radiolucent zone, granular mottled calcifications incenter

Front 31

osteosarcoma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 31

-malignant, focal osteoid production by neoplastic cells
-pain, swelling of soft tissue

Front 32

osteosarcoma
-radiographic?
-hallmark sign?

Back 32

-infiltrating metaphyseal lesion in medullary bone, erodes through cortex to soft tissue
-Codman's triangle

Front 33

osteosarcoma
-path?

Back 33

-often penetrates through cortical bone, abnormal cells produce osteoid material

Front 34

osteochondroma
-definition?
-sx?
-onset?

Back 34

-outgrowth of medullary and cortical bone, cover w/cartilaginous cap, projects from cortical surface
-hard mass, sometimes pain
-knee, men

Front 35

osteochondroma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 35

-projecting fragment of bone, MRI can see cart.
-mushroom shape

Front 36

chondroma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 36

-benign composed of mature cartilage
-swelling, pain, tenderness

Front 37

chondroma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 37

-lucent, vary powder to dense granular aggregates
-sometimes have yellow foci

Front 38

chondrosarcoma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 38

-malignant tumor forming chondroid (not osteoid) material
-pain, mass

Front 39

chondrosarcoma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 39

-ill-defined, lytic mass, splotchy calcification
-hyaline cart. w/translucent appearance, yellow deposits

Front 40

metaphyseal fibrous defect and non-ossifying fibromas
-definition?
-sx?

Back 40

-non-neoplastic intracortical prolif. of fibrous tissue/histiocytes
-MFD asymptomatic, NOF asymp. or pain due to fracture

Front 41

metaphyseal fibrous defect
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 41

-radiolucent w/erosion of cortex
-foamy histiocytes, giant cells

Front 42

fibrous dysplasia
-definition?
-sx?

Back 42

-benign, monostotic/polystotic prolif. of fibrous tissue/bone
-vary w/site of lesion (albright disease)

Front 43

fibrous dysplasia
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 43

-radiolucent/dense than other bone, ground glass
-woven bone

Front 44

giant cell tumors
-definition?
sx?

Back 44

-benign, agressive, large numbers osteoclast-like giant cells, plump epithelioid
-pain, mass/swelling

Front 45

giant cell tumors
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 45

-well defined borders
-giant cells

Front 46

ewing sarcoma
-definition?
-sx?
-onset?

Back 46

-primary osseous, small round, uniform cells, no bone matrix production
-pain, mass
-median age 13 y/o

Front 47

ewings sarcoma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 47

-"onionskin" or "sunburst"
-firm, gray-white mass in medullary cavity; broad sheets of small, uniform cells

Front 48

primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone
-definition?
-sx?

Back 48

-primary malignant, similar to ES
-pain, mass, metastisis

Front 49

PNET
-path?

Back 49

-rosette formation

Front 50

lipoma
-type?
-definition?
-path?

Back 50

-adiopose tissue
-benign composed of adipocytes w/uniform nuclei
-circumscribed mass, encapsulated

Front 51

liposarcoma
-type?
-definition?
-path?

Back 51

-adipose tissue
-malignant, arise in soft tissues
-round cell, myxoid, well diff., pleomorphic

Front 52

fibrous connective tissue lesions?

Back 52

-scar tissue
-keloid

Front 53

scar tissue
-definition?

Back 53

-wound repair in tissues, fibrosis replaces skin

Front 54

keloid
-definition?

Back 54

-overgrowth of granulation tissue (collagen 3), replaced by collagen 1, extend to surrounding areas

Front 55

nodular fasciitis
-definition?
-path?
-sx?

Back 55

-benign, non-neoplastic
-fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, inflammation
-lump, assoc. with site of trauma

Front 56

fibromatosis
-type?
-definition?
-types?

Back 56

-fibrous connective tissue lesion
-benign, soft tissue consist: proliferating, well diff fibroblasts
-superficial: small/less agressive; deep: larger/agressive

Front 57

fibromatosis
-path?
-plantar fib.?
-hand fib?
-penile fib.?

Back 57

-ill defined lesion, fibroblasts, fibrosis
-ledderhose's dx
-dupuytren's contracture
-peyronie's dx

Front 58

fibrosarcoma
-type?
-definition?

Back 58

-fibrous connective tisue lesion
-malignant spindle cell, fibroblastic diff. w/out production of osseous/chondroid matrix

Front 59

fibrosarcoma
-path?

Back 59

ill-defined, fibroblasts (herringbone pattern)

Front 60

benign fibrous histiocytoma
-definition?
-sx?
-path?

Back 60

-tumor of fibroblasts/mononuclear/multinucleate cells resemble histiocytes
-mass, can be painful
-well circumscribed, fibroblasts/histiocyte cells

Front 61

benign fibrous histiocytoma
-gross path/radiologic?

Back 61

-sharply defined margins, tissue yellow, grey, white

Front 62

malignant fibrous histiocytoma
-definition?
-sx?

Back 62

-sarcoma of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, cells resembling histiocyte
-mass, may be painful

Front 63

malignant fibrous histiocytoma
-radiographic?
-path?

Back 63

-ill-defined, most in epiphysis
-brown, grey, yellow, margins infiltrate medullary cavity

Front 64

leiomyoma
-definition?
-sx?
-path?

Back 64

-benign tumor of smooth muscle cells (uterine)
-mass, uterine bleeding
-smoot muscle, well circumscribed

Front 65

leiomyosarcoma
-definition?
-sx?
-path?

Back 65

-malignant, smooth muscle (uterus)
-mass, uterine bleeding

Front 66

rhabdomyoma
-definition?
-sx?
-path?

Back 66

-benign tumor of skeletal muscle
-lesion?
-well circumscribed

Front 67

rhabdomyosarcoma
-definition?
-types?
-path?

Back 67

-malignant tumor skeletal muscle
-embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic
-em: 6-8wk embryo; alv: 10-12 wk embryo; pleo: pleomorphic mature skeletal muscle

Front 68

hemangioma
-definition?
-sx?
-path?

Back 68

-benign proliferation b. vessels in skin/organs
-skin: red/purple lesion
-well circumscribed, multiple vessels in one area

Front 69

kaposi sarcoma
-definition?
-cause?

Back 69

-endothelial proliferation w/vasoformative spindle growth
-often after human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)

Front 70

kaposi sarcoma
-sx?
-path?

Back 70

-nodules (red, purple, brown), papular
-ill-defined, spindle cells w/irregular blood vessels

Front 71

angiosarcoma
-definition?
-types?

Back 71

-malignant from blood/lymphatic vessels
-b. vessel: hemangiosarcoma; l. vessel: lymphangiosarcoma

Front 72

angiosarcoma
-sx?
-path?

Back 72

-macular, red, purple, brown
-ill-defined, invasion, extravasated RBCs

Front 73

synovial sarcoma
-definition?
-types of cells?
-path?

Back 73

-soft tissue sarcoma - cells resemble synovium
-spindle cell sarcomatous, glandular epithelial looking
-spindle cell or glandular looking