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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal Adenoma
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BENIGN
Small, cortical based lesion Papillary architecture Commonly found at autopsy (15%) |
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Angiomyolipoma
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BENIGN
Composed of vessels, smooth muscle and fat Can occur outside of the kidneys as well NOT ENCAPSULATED (may appear malignant) 1/3 of cases due to TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS (aut. dominant syndrome assoc. w/ hamartomas of brain, heart, etc.) (Mental retardation is a major problem) (2 genes --> Tuberin and Hamartin) |
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Wilms Tumor
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MALIGNANT
Large, solitary, well-circumscribed mass Peak incidence in 2nd yr of life (75% by age 5) Symptoms: mass, pain, anorexia, N/V 10% bilateral or multifocal Histology is most important for prognosis Blastema shows abortive glomeruli and tubules Loss of tumor suppressor genes WT-1 or WT-2 |
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Renal Cell Carcinoma
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MALIGNANT
More frequent in males Classic Triad: back pain, hematuria, abdominal mass Polycythemia and hypertension due to renin Mets present at Dx 25-30% of time (lung, bone, adrenal and regional LNs, brain) Risk factors include occupations, TOBACCO, obesity Related to Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome Highly Vascular Long-term survival despite metastases |
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Stages of RCC
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I - Non-invasive
II - Locally invasive III - Locally metastatic IV - Distant metastases |
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Transitional Cell Carcinoma
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MALIGNANT
Males > Females Most common bladder cancer [90%](industrialized > developing) Risk factors: TOBACCO, Occup. hazards, Cyclophosphamide exposure Also, Schistoma Hematobium (Egypt, Sudan) Low grade lesions recur about 50% of the time (papillary) High grade lesions typically non-papillary (40% 10-yr) |
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Squamous Cell Bladder Carcinoma
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MALIGNANT
5-10% of bladder carcinomas Occurs in setting of chronic inflammation: (S. Hematobium, chronic indwelling cathethers) Hematuria is common Poor outcome 5-yr is < 25% Often widespread at time of diagnosis |
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Adenocarcinoma of Bladder
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MALIGNANT
Less common that SCC (~2%) Arises in areas of glandular metaplasia Dome and Trigone area Generally POOR outcome |
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Neuroblastoma
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MALIGNANT
Really an adrenal tumor, not renal Genetics: double minute that encode many copies of N-MYC Small round blue cells Homer Wright Rosettes (pathognomonic) |
